Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e13 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original article Diversity of Orthoptera (Insecta) fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India Sunil Kumar Gupta*, Kailash Chandra Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India article info abstract Article history: The paper presents the distributional record of the Orthoptera fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Received 20 February 2016 Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Thirty-three species pertaining to 30 genera under five families are re- Received in revised form ported. The habitus photographs and map is provided for the first time. 3 May 2016 Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Accepted 11 May 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Available online xxx creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Achanakmar Bilaspur Crickets Grasshoppers Taxonomy Introduction of styles. The cerci are usually short and unsegmented. Specialized auditory and stridulatory organs are frequently developed. Mostly Members of the Order Orthoptera are usually known as short- the males stridulate but the females of some species can also pro- and long-horned grasshoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, grouse- duce sound. Metamorphosis is incomplete. locusts, crickets, mole crickets, katydids, raspy cricket, and cave Little information about the presence of Orthoptera in the crickets. They may be winged, brachypterous, or apterous. These Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India is known. insects are usually moderate-sized to large (5e115 mm) (Shishodia Chandra and Gupta (2005) recorded one species of the Family 1997). The name “Orthoptera” refers to primitive or generalized Schizodactylidae from Achanakmar Sanctuary. Gupta et al (2008) winged insects and comes from the Greek “ortho”, meaning reported orthopteran fauna of 18 species belonging to 18 genera “straight”, and “ptera”, meaning “wing.” under five families from Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary. Gupta and The mouth parts are of the biting type or chewing type, the Chandra (2010) reported 64 species belonging to 57 genera under compound eyes are well developed, and the ocelli mostly number nine families from Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur. Skejo one to three. Antennae may be filiform and sometimes ensiform. The and Gupta 2015 described the specific status of Heditettix cristatus. prothorax is large. The hind legs are usually enlarged and modified Gupta (2015a) reported 31 species and subspecies belonging to 29 for leaping or jumping. The forewings, if well-developed, are elon- genera under six families from Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary, gated and more or less thickened with a submarginal costal vein and Jashpur, Chhattisgarh. Gupta (2015b) investigated Orthoptera fauna most often modified as stridulatory organs, whereas the hindwings and published a record of 56 species pertaining to 50 genera under are membranous with an extensive anal area. Females generally seven families from Gurughasidas National Park in the Koriya and possess a well-developed ovipositor. The male external genitalia are Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh. Gupta (2016a, 2016b) described symmetrical and concealed at rest by the enlarged ninth abdominal Euparatettix dandakaranyensis and Ergatettix subtrunctatus from sternum (i.e., the subgenital plate), which may or may not bear a pair Chhattisgarh. Gupta (2016c) reported 41 species under five families from Surguja district Chhattisgarh. Gupta (2016d) reported 34 species under six families from Korba district in Chhattisgarh. Eades * Corresponding author. et al (2016) provided data on 27,260 species of Orthoptera fauna in E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S.K. Gupta), kailash611@rediffmail. the world, of which 1033 species were reported in India by com (K. Chandra). Shishodia et al (2010). The aims of future studies on this Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). geographically important Orthoptera fauna basically need to focus http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.05.003 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Gupta SK, Chandra K, Diversity of Orthoptera (Insecta) fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.05.003 2 SK Gupta, K Chandra / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e13 on its ecological importance and evaluate ecosystem services pro- Baigababa Mandir: 22240 2000N, 81 510 2300E, altitude 391 m vided by the Orthoptera fauna. Bokrakachar: 22 2601200N, 81 500 1900E, altitude 433 m Bowdongri: 22220100N, 8136042.800E, altitude 393 m Chhaparva: 22 260 450N, 81 460 1300E, altitude 402 m Material and methods Karidongri FRH: 2220055.10N, 81 36033.800E, altitude 380 m Karimati Talab: 222301400N, 81 440 5000E, altitude 433 m Study area Khudia: 22220310N, 813602600E, Altitude 406 m Ranjan Talab: 22 2502500N, 81 470 1.2 00 E, altitude 453 m The survey was performed in Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Sihawalsagar: 22 360 0510N, 81 780 0400E, altitude 453 m Chhattisgarh, India. The sanctuary is situated in the Bilaspur district (Figure 7). It covers an area of w551.55 square kilometers, and lies The abbreviations used in this study are as follows: AWLS, Acha- between the latitudes of 22240e22350N and the longitudes of nakmar Wildlife Sanctuary; DC, day collection; NC, night collection. 813403000e81850 E. The vegetation of sanctuary is primarily trop- ical deciduous forest. Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on Taxonomic accounts the east boundary of Satpura Hills and north of the Mahanadi River. Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789 The Achanakmar Sanctuary area has tropical moist deciduous Suborder Caelifera, Ander, 1939 forest. At places where the soil depth is low and shallow and the Superfamily Acridoidea Macleay, 1821 moisture-retaining capacity is low, a dry mixed forest has been Family Acrididae Macleay, 1821 developed. Therefore, along the Maniyari River, river bank type of Subfamily Acridinae Macleay, 1821 vegetation grows. Achanakmar Sanctuary is very rich in flora: pri- Genus Acrida Linnaeus, 1758 marily Sal (Shorea robusta) as an upper canopy, and it consists of Saja (Terminalia tomentosa), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Dhawda 1. Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859) (Anogeissus latifolia), Mokha (Schrebera sweitinoides), Kusum (Figure 1A) (Schleichera oleosa), Padar (Stereospermum suaveolens), Kasai Truxalis exaltata Walker, 1859: 222. (Bridelia retusa), Landia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), Jamun (Syzygium Acrida exaltata: Kirby, 1914: 99. cuminii), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Haldu (Adina cordifolia). In the middle canopy bamboo is in abundance, and other species are Awla Material examined. 1_ (NC), Bilaspur, AWLS, Baigababa Mandir, (Emblica officinalis), Tinsa (Ougeinia oojeinensis), Baranga (Kydia Chhattisgarh, 13 vi 2013 (A. Raha et al.)-coll. NZZSI. calycina), Achar (Buchanania lanzan), Tendu (Diospyros melanox- Distribution. India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pra- ylon), Tondri (Casearia tomentosa), Sehra (Bauhinia retusa), Amta desh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh (Bastar, Bilas- (Bauhinia malabarica), Roli (Mallotus philippensis), Bel (Aegle mar- pur, Jashpur, Korba, Koriya, and Raipur), Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, melos), Dhaman Grewiatiliifolia), Garari (Cleistanthus collinus), Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata), Kumbhi (Careya arborea), Phetrakala Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Pun- (Randia uliginosa), Salai (Boswellia serrata), and a few other species. jab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pra- The undergrowth consists of Banorahar (Flemingia semialata), desh and West Bengal]; Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Iran; Pakistan; Chhind (Phoenix acaulis), Dhawai (Woodfordia fruticosa), Galfulla Saudi Arabia; South-East Tibet; Sri Lanka; Yemen; and West Aden. (Flemingia bracteata), Neel (Indigofera tinctaria), Marodphal (Heli- cteres isora), Harsingar (Nyctanthes arbortristris), Kurchi (Holar- 2. Acrida gigantea (Herbst, 1786) rhena antidysentrica), Kalbansa (Colebrookea oppositifolia), (Figure 1B) Berbanda (Vernonia divergens), Baibarang (Embelia robusta), and Truxalis gigantean Herbst, 1786:191. Shataori (Asparagus racemosus). Acrida gigantea: Kirby, 1914: 98. In the ground flora, some common grasses are Gunher or Chhira (Themeda quadrivalvis), Kasul (Heteropogon contortus), Chhira Material examined.1_,1\ (NC), Bilaspur, AWLS, Bokrakachar, (Imperata cylindrica), and Sabai (Eulaliopsis binata). The main climbers Chhattisgarh, 11 vi 2012 (A. Raha et al.)-coll. NZZSI. in the area are Mahul (Bauhinia vahlii), Gurar (Milletia auriculata), Distribution. India [Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh Palasbel (Butea superba), Ramdatoon (Smilax zeylanica), Painar (Com- (Bilaspur, Korba, Koriya, Raipur, and Surguja), Himachal Pradesh, bretum decandrius), Keonti (Ventilago denticulata), and a few others. Madhya