Electric Vehicle Charging Station Guidebook Planning for Installation and Operation June 2014 110 West Canal St, Suite 202 Winooski, VT 05404 www.ccrpcvt.org Prepared by 128 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 401 Burlington, VT 05403 www.veic.org The preparation of this document has been financed by the U.S. Department of Transportation and matching funds provided by Chittenden County’s 19 municipalities and the Vermont Agency of Transportation. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Department of Transportation. CCRPC EV Charging Installation Guide June 2014 Page ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 4 1 Electric Vehicle Technology and Charging Equipment Overview .................................................... 7 1.1 Electric Vehicles ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Electric Vehicle Charging ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Level 1, 120 Volt Charging ..................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 Level 2, 208/240 Volt Charging ........................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 DC Fast Charging ................................................................................................................. 11 2 EV Charging Location Selection ................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Location Selection Criteria .......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Property Siting Considerations ................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 General Siting Issues ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Residential Charging Station Installations........................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Workplace / Commercial Locations .................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Public Locations .................................................................................................................. 15 3 Charging Station Planning and Design ......................................................................................... 16 3.1 Charging Equipment Overview ................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Equipment specifications ............................................................................................................ 16 3.3 EVSE Typical Site Plans ................................................................................................................ 19 3.4 Typical Site Plans ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Perpendicular Parking Spaces ............................................................................................. 20 3.4.2 Parallel Parking Spaces ........................................................................................................ 21 3.4.3 Parking Garages .................................................................................................................. 21 3.4.4 ADA Requirements .............................................................................................................. 22 3.4.5 Snow removal considerations ............................................................................................. 22 3.5 EVSE Signage ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.5.1 General Service Signs .......................................................................................................... 24 3.5.2 Regulatory Signs .................................................................................................................. 24 3.5.3 Sign Vendors ....................................................................................................................... 24 4 Charging Station Installation and Operating Costs ...................................................................... 25 4.1 EVSE Installation Costs ................................................................................................................ 25 4.1.1 Reducing Installation Costs ................................................................................................. 26 4.2 Operating Costs ........................................................................................................................... 26 4.3 EV Charging Cost Recovery Models ............................................................................................ 27 4.3.1 Subscription and fee for use ............................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Advertising based revenue generation ............................................................................... 28 4.3.3 Offsetting Energy Costs through Solar Photovoltaic Installations ...................................... 28 5 Charging Equipment Implementation ......................................................................................... 29 5.1 State of Vermont Permitting ....................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Municipal Permitting .................................................................................................................. 30 5.3 Installation Checklist ................................................................................................................... 30 5.3.1 Single Family Home Owners ............................................................................................... 30 5.3.2 Multi Family Home Owners and Tenants Associations ....................................................... 30 5.3.3 Public and Private Parking Areas ........................................................................................ 31 6 Appendix – Chittenden County Municipal Permitting Requirements ........................................... 31 CCRPC EV Charging Installation Guide June 2014 Page 2 Tables and Figures Table 2.1: Location Attributes for EV Charging ........................................................................................... 12 Table 2.2: Residential Charging Overview .................................................................................................. 14 Table 2.3: Commercial Location Installation Overview .............................................................................. 15 Table 3.1: EV Charging Equipment Manufacturers and Capabilities .......................................................... 18 Table 4.1. EVSE Infrastructure Costs ........................................................................................................... 26 Table 4.2. Annual EVSE Operational Costs .................................................................................................. 27 Table 4.3: Potential EV Charging Business Models ..................................................................................... 27 Figure ES.1: Chittenden County Existing and Known Planned EV Charging Locations ................................. 5 Figure 1.1 Types of Plug-in EVs ..................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 1.2: Electric Vehicle AC Charging Equipment Diagram ...................................................................... 8 Figure 1.3: Charging Range Added per Hour of Charging ............................................................................. 9 Figure 1.4: Level 1 and Level 2 EVSE Equipment and J1772 Connector ..................................................... 10 Figure 1.5: DC Fast Charging EVSE and SAE / CHAdeMO Connectors......................................................... 11 Figure 3.1: Pluggable Level 2 EV Charging Equipment (NEMA 6-50 outlet) ............................................... 16 Figure 3.2: Photos of Typical EVSE Stations ................................................................................................ 19 Figure 3.3: Wall Mounted EVSE Example Site Plan Diagram ...................................................................... 20 Figure 3.4: Perpendicular Parking Lot Site Plan Example ........................................................................... 21 Figure 3.5: Parking Garage Example ........................................................................................................... 21 Figure 3.6: Solar Photovoltaic EV Charging Canopy .................................................................................... 23 Figure 3.7: Retractable Cable for EVSE ....................................................................................................... 23 Figure 3.8: MUTCD Approved EVSE Symbol ............................................................................................... 24 Figure 3.9 Recommended Signage for EV Charging Spaces .......................................................................