Tourism Toolkit for European Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Tourism Toolkit for European Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Tourism Toolkit for European Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Authors Universidad de Cádiz with contribution from the TIDE Partnership & Interreg Atlantic Area Final Version Carlota Pérez-Reverte Mañas This document has been produced under the coordination of Universidad de Cádiz with the contribution of the TIDE partnership TIDE PARTNERSHIP ERNACT - Caitriona Strain & Juanita Blue CLARTE - Lionel Dominjon Direcao Regional do Turismo (Madeira) - Bárbara SpÍnola Derry City and Strabane District Council - Ronan McConnell Devon County Council - Bill Horner Donegal County Council - Barney McLaughlin & Margaret Storey Gobierno de Cantabria - Jorge Muyo López Universidad de Cádiz - Carlota Pérez-Reverte Mañas & Felipe Cerezo Andreo © Front cover images: Fanad Lighthouse by Michal Osmenda (CC-BY-SA-2.0); Nao Victoria by Christian Ferrer (CC BY 4.0); Amphorae ©Isla Grosa Project; Irish immigrants in Kansas City, Missouri in c.1909. Family photo scanned by Jeanne Boleyn; Bark Europa by Żeglarz; The fort of Saint John the Baptist ©Madeira Tourism Board; Cádiz by Emilio J. Rodríguez Posada (CC-BY-SA-3.0). Diseño y maquetación: Alfredo Candela ISBN 978-84-120406-5-4 Depósito legal: SE:1767-2020 Foreword The TIDE Toolkit is a fundamental output of the Atlantic Network for Developing Historical Maritime Tourism project funded by the Interreg Atlantic Area programme. The toolkit has been developed to address the programme’s priority of ‘Enhancing biodiversity and the natural and cultural assets’ with the main objective of enhancing natural and cultural assets to stimulate economic development. The TIDE project focuses on the sustainable development of onshore and underwater sites of historical interest on the Atlantic Area coastline. The project outputs will aid organisations & practitioners in the Atlantic region tourism development sector to develop new tourism products. With a focus on maritime history in the Atlantic regions, the sites can relate to shipwrecks, ports, battles, trade, forts, migrations, castles and invasions. A key aspect of the project is creation of new networked tourism products based on rediscovering historical connections between regions on the Atlantic. Digitised content and digital transformation technologies such as AR & VR will be used to enhance and enrich the visitor experiences that are developed. The core TIDE partnership is composed of a transnational collective of public and private entities including local & regional governments, universities, tourism specialists and digital technology specialists from regions within the Atlantic Area. These regions include various locations in Ireland, Spain, France, Madeira, United Kingdom and Canada. The cooperative is working together to develop and market new types of multi-regional historical maritime niche tourist packages and visitor attractions for the Atlantic by sharing cultural assets across regions, supported by new technologies and transnational collaboration tools. Together, the partnership aims to a) develop the collaborative digital tools to enable regions to create niche transnational maritime tourism packages based on sharing historical assets; b) create a new breed of maritime cultural visitor attraction by using virtual reality and archaeology techniques to connect to real historical sites; and c) amplify the impact and sustainability of TIDE by stimulating the use of the approach and tools across the Atlantic area. The experience and expertise of this group have ensured that the Toolkit is rooted in practical realities and the requirements of the end users. Historical assets and sites face many challenges to their integrity which, unless addressed can erode the outstanding value for which they were considered significant. 5 Those responsible for development and promotion of historical assets are charged with the complex task of anticipating and dealing with these challenges, most often in an environment of limited financial and organizational capacity. Under these circumstances, it is incumbent upon them to invest their efforts in the most critical areas, ensuring that available resources are applied to their maximum effectiveness, whilst protecting the assets they wish to share. The TIDE Toolkit contains a collection of good practices, knowledge, methods & tools to aid historical site identification and tourism product development. It contains a series of exercises designed to help those responsible for development and promotion of these sites to piece together the elements of a comprehensive management framework. This framework outlines a strategy that ranges from initial site identification, to creation of a narrative, environmental preservation, and enhancement using digital transformation technologies to enrich visitor experiences. It is structured as targeted chapters offering examples and guidelines, followed by exploratory exercises. Each possesses an emphasis on user-friendliness, flexibility, and adaptability to local realities. The application of these tools can aid tourism and heritage practitioners to effectively deal with some of their major development and management challenges. Our aim is to help those involved in the management of historical assets to improve their capacities and reach their management objectives for the benefit of the global community. Juanita Blue Project Manager ERNACT EEIG 6 7 Table of Contents FOREWORD by Juanita Blue ............................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 10 2. LET’S GET BLUE! A FEW CONCEPTS BEFORE WE START ...................................... 12 2.1. Blue economy .................................................................................... 13 2.2. Blue growth ...................................................................................... 13 2.3. Coastal and maritime tourism: blue tourism ................................................... 15 3. CULTURAL TOURISM AND MARITIME AND UNDERWATER HERITAGE ........................ 16 3.1. The most important thing is the heritage asset ............................................... 19 3.2. New visitor profiles, new opportunities ........................................................ 19 3.3. EXERCISE 1. Discover your tourist destination ................................................. 21 4. IDENTIFY YOUR ASSETS ............................................................................26 4.1. Tangible elements ...............................................................................30 4.2. Intangible elements ............................................................................. 31 4.3. Maritime cultural heritage is interrelated ...................................................... 31 4.4. How to know your resources? .................................................................. 33 4.5. EXERCISE 2. Discovering your history .......................................................... 37 5. WHAT KIND OF HERITAGE COULD BE A TRANSNATIONAL ASSET? ........................... 41 5.1. The Spanish Armada ............................................................................. 42 5.2. The Napoleonic Era .............................................................................. 43 5.3. The World Wars (1914-1918; 1939-1945) ....................................................... 45 5.4. Migrations........................................................................................ 49 5.5. EXERCISE 3. Discovering your transnational assets ........................................... 52 6. FIND YOUR STORY ...................................................................................53 6.1. Some questions to consider .................................................................... 55 6.2. Practical application of these issues to a case study: the Herakles Project of the University of Cadiz ...............................................59 6.3. EXERCISE 4. Discover your history. New perspectives ........................................64 6.4. EXERCISE 5. Start working with the heritage resource. Prior issues ......................... 67 8 7. TELL YOUR STORY .................................................................................... 71 7.1. Heritage built on land ............................................................................ 72 7.2. Built heritage underwater ....................................................................... 77 7.3. Vessels that have survived the passage of time ............................................... 78 7.4. Wrecks ............................................................................................ 84 7.5. Battlefields ....................................................................................... 92 7.6. Intangible heritage .............................................................................. 94 7.7. Underwater museums with a difference ........................................................ 98 8. VIRTUAL HERITAGE .................................................................................101 8.1. 3D Reconstructions ............................................................................103 8.2. Video ............................................................................................103 8.3. Video mapping ..................................................................................104