APPENDIX-III AGRICULTURE III III CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 AGRICULTURAL CONDITION................................................... III.1-1 1.1 SALIENT FEATURE OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR .......................................... III.1-1 1.1.1 Land Use and Agro Ecological Zones............................................................III.1-1 1.1.2 Crop Production in Zambia and its Comparison by Province........................III.1-3 1.1.3 Staple Food Consumption Per Capita ............................................................III.1-5 1.2 GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR .................................... III.1-6 1.2.1 Fertilizer Support Program (FSP) ..................................................................III.1-6 1.3 PAST AND ON-GOING PROJECT IN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT ................. III.1-10 1.3.1 Agriculture Support Program (ASP)............................................................III.1-10 1.3.2 Agricultural Development Support Project (ADSP)....................................III.1-11 1.3.3 Food Crop Diversification Support Project for Enhancement of Food Security (FoDiS)........................................................................................................III.1-12 1.3.4 Participatory Village Development in Isolated Areas (PaViDIA)................III.1-12 1.3.5 Program for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLAD)...........III.1-13 1.4 LESSONS LEARNT FROM PAST EXPERIENCES.................................................. III.1-14 1.4.1 Factors Limiting the Mobilization of CEOs.................................................III.1-14 1.4.2 A Direct Funding to CEOs ...........................................................................III.1-14 1.4.3 Provision of “Handouts” Alone (a Case of Livestock) ................................III.1-15 1.5 AGRICULTURE IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................................ III.1-16 1.5.1 Salient Features in Agriculture in the Study Area ........................................III.1-16 1.5.2 Agricultural Practice ....................................................................................III.1-16 1.5.3 Crop Calendar ..............................................................................................III.1-19 1.5.4 Area under Cultivation per Household.........................................................III.1-22 1.5.5 Crop Production and its Yield ......................................................................III.1-23 1.5.6 Production of Major Staple Foods by Geographical Location.....................III.1-27 1.5.7 Balance in Crop Production and Consumption by District..........................III.1-30 1.5.8 Balance in Crop Production and Consumption by Time..............................III.1-33 1.5.9 Yield of Major Crops Based on the Baseline Survey...................................III.1-35 1.5.10 Farm Block and its Land Allocation ............................................................III.1-36 1.5.11 Soil Condition ..............................................................................................III.1-38 1.6 FARMING ECONOMY (PART I: IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS TO FARMERS) ............ III.1-40 1.7 FARMING ECONOMY (PART II: OFFICERS’ ESTIMATION) ............................... III.1-45 1.8 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR .............. III.1-47 1.8.1 High Cost of Input (Fertilizer) – A Challenge..............................................III.1-47 1.8.2 Aspects Conducive to Marketing – A opportunity.......................................III.1-49 CHAPTER 2 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM.................................. III.2-1 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM ................................ III.2-1 2.2 GOVERNMENTAL EXTENSION SYSTEM .............................................................. III.2-1 2.2.1 Institutional Setting in Agriculture Development ..........................................III.2-1 2.2.2 The Extensionist.............................................................................................III.2-4 2.2.3 Funding...........................................................................................................III.2-5 2.3 PRIVATE EXTENSION SYSTEMS .........................................................................III.2-11 2.3.1 Major Extension Entities and Modalities.....................................................III.2-11 III 2.4 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM .......III.2-11 2.4.1 Large Area Coverage in Agriculture Extension ...........................................III.2-11 2.4.2 Difficulty for BEOs/CEOs to Meet at Plenary.............................................III.2-13 2.4.3 Shortage of Technical Staff in Irrigation Development ...............................III.2-14 2.4.4 Short Message Service (SMS) <Potential>..................................................III.2-16 CHAPTER 3 POST HARVEST AND MARKETING ......................................... III.3-1 3.1 DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS....................... III.3-1 3.2 FOOD RESERVE AGENCY (FRA)........................................................................ III.3-8 CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN............... III.4-1 4.1 LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES .................... III.4-1 4.2 THE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE ACTION PLAN ................................................. III.4-2 4.2.1 Market-Oriented Agriculture Development Plan ...........................................III.4-2 4.2.2 Soil Management Plan ...................................................................................III.4-7 4.2.3 Recommended Cropping Systems .................................................................III.4-9 4.3 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE UNDER IRRIGATION ....................................... III.4-14 CHAPTER 5 PILOT PROJECT IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR ............. III.5-1 5.1 AGRICULTURAL TRIALS IN SMALLHOLDER IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT........ III.5-1 5.1.1 Intercropping of Different Set of Crops .........................................................III.5-1 5.1.2 Wheat as a New Crop.....................................................................................III.5-6 5.1.3 Introduction of NERICA under Irrigation......................................................III.5-7 5.1.4 Comparative Trial of BOKASHI Compost ..................................................III.5-10 5.2 ECONOMIC IMPACT (BASED ON HARVEST SURVEY IN 2009-2010)..................III.5-11 5.2.1 Cost and Benefit of Major Crops under Irrigation .......................................III.5-12 5.2.2 Disposable Benefit of Major Crops..............................................................III.5-13 5.2.3 Composition of Input Cost ...........................................................................III.5-13 5.2.4 Profitability per Household ..........................................................................III.5-14 5.3 SPILLOVER EFFECTS ........................................................................................ III.5-14 5.3.1 Investing in Rain-fed Maize Production ......................................................III.5-14 5.3.2 Investing in Chemical Fertilizer...................................................................III.5-15 5.3.3 Investing in Area under Rain-fed Maize Production....................................III.5-15 5.3.4 Effects on Chitemene ...................................................................................III.5-16 5.3.5 Investing out of Irrigated Agriculture...........................................................III.5-16 III LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1.1 Total Land Use in Zambia (1996)...........................................................III.1-1 Table 1.1.2 Agro-ecological Zones ...........................................................................III.1-2 Table 1.1.3 Rural Population in Zambia(2006).........................................................III.1-2 Table 1.1.4 Population Distribution by Province (2004)...........................................III.1-2 Table 1.1.5 Production of Different Crops (2009/10) ...............................................III.1-3 Table 1.1.6 Maize Production in Zambia (1998-2008) .............................................III.1-4 Table 1.1.7 Area under Maize Production in Zambia (1998-2008) ..........................III.1-4 Table 1.1.8 Maize Production by Province (2009/10)...............................................III.1-5 Table 1.2.1 Estimated Achievement of Fertilizer Support Program (FSP) ...............III.1-9 Table 1.2.2 Input Allocation of FSP in Each Province for the year 2008/09 ............III.1-9 Table 1.2.3 Input Allocation of FSP in Each District for the year 2008/09.............III.1-10 Table 1.3.1 Outline of Agriculture Support Program (ASP) ................................... III.1-11 Table 1.3.2 Outline of Agricultural Development Support Project (ADSP) ........... III.1-11 Table 1.3.3 Outline of Food Crop Diversification Support Project for Enhancement of Food Security (FoDiS) .....................................................................III.1-12 Table 1.3.4 Outline of Participatory Village Development in Isolated Areas (PaViDIA).III.1-13 Table 1.3.5 Outline of Programe for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD) .............................................................................................III.1-13 Table 1.5.1 Crop Calendar in Molwani Village in Kasama, Northern Province .....III.1-20