Carry Bay Causeway A Field Study and Hydrodynamic Model Prepared for the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation — January 2004 BINKERD ENVIRONMENTAL Inc Table of Contents Table of Contents......................................................................................................................2 Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................3 Abstract.....................................................................................................................................4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................5 1.1 Objectives ...........................................................................................................................5 1.2 Overall Study Plan ..............................................................................................................5 1.3 Related Studies and Reports ..............................................................................................6 1.4 Methodology .......................................................................................................................7 2.0 FIELD METHODS AND OTHER DATA SOURCES ...............................................................8 2.1 Study Area and Sampling Stations .....................................................................................8 2.2 Carry Bay Causeway – Physical Description....................................................................11 2.3 Currents ............................................................................................................................11 2.4 Water Quality ....................................................................................................................12 2.5 Other Sources of Data ......................................................................................................13 3.0 OVERVIEW OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS ..........................................................................15 3.1 Current Measurements .....................................................................................................15 3.2 Water Quality Measurements............................................................................................15 4.0 DISCUSSION OF FIELD RESULTS.....................................................................................16 4.1 Water Quality ....................................................................................................................16 4.2 Currents - General ............................................................................................................27 5.0 MATHEMATIONAL MODEL AND SIMULATIONS ...............................................................39 5.1 Application of the Mathematical Model to Carry Bay ........................................................39 5.2 Preliminary Model Considerations ....................................................................................39 5.3 Calibration and Acceptance ..............................................................................................43 5.4 Simulations of Proposed Modifications .............................................................................44 6.0 WAVE ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................57 7.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................58 7.1 Survey Results..................................................................................................................58 7.2 Model Results ...................................................................................................................59 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................62 [Note: This paper was published as an Adobe 5.0 PDF file in color because many of the charts rely on color to present data. 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Copies of this report are available at http://www.binkerd.com/carrybay] Carry Bay Causeway Report - 2 - BINKERD ENVIRONMENTAL Inc Table of Figures Figure 2.1: Overall View of Survey Area..........................................................................................8 Figure 2.2: Detail of Northern Portion of Survey Area .....................................................................9 Figure 2.3: Detail of Southern Portion of Survey Area...................................................................10 Figure 2.4: Missisquoi River Discharge – Summer 2003...............................................................13 Figure 2.5: Lake Champlain Water Levels at Richelieu River – Summer 2003.............................14 Figure 4.1: Temperature vs. Depth Station 24 (July).....................................................................17 Figure 4.2: Temperature vs. Depth Station1 (July)........................................................................18 Figure 4.3: Temperature vs. Depth Station 2 (July).......................................................................18 Figure 4.4: Temperature vs. Depth Station 3 (July).......................................................................19 Figure 4.5: Temperature vs. Depth Station 4 (July).......................................................................19 Figure 4.6: Temperature vs. Depth Station 5 (July).......................................................................20 Figure 4.7: Temperature vs. Depth Station 33 (August) ................................................................21 Figure 4.8: Temperature Contour La Motte Passage ....................................................................21 Figure 4.9: Temperature Contour La Motte Passage ....................................................................22 Figure 4.10: Temperature Contour Carry Bay ...............................................................................22 Figure 4.11: Temperature Contour Carry Bay ...............................................................................22 Figure 4.20: Chloride & Phosphorous – La Motte Passage...........................................................24 Figure 4.21: Chloride & Phosphorous – Alburg Passage ..............................................................25 Figure 4.22: Chloride & Phosphorous – Carry Bay........................................................................25 Figure 4.23: Chloride – Alburg Passage (July) ..............................................................................26 Figure 4.80: Current & Wind at Isle La Motte Causeway – Station 7 ............................................28 Figure 4.30: Current with 10-foot Pole – Station 24.......................................................................29 Figure 4.31: Current with 10-foot Jug – Station 24 ........................................................................30 Figure 4.32: Current with 20-foot Jug – Station 24 ........................................................................30 Figure 4.33: Current with 35-foot Jug – Station 24 ........................................................................30 Figure 4.34: Current with 50-foot Jug – Station 24 ........................................................................31 Figure 4.35: Current with 100-foot Jug – Station 24 ......................................................................31 Figure 4.40: Current with 10-foot Pole – Station 3.........................................................................32 Figure 4.41: Current with 20-foot Jug – Station 3 ..........................................................................32 Figure 4.42: Current with 30-foot Jug – Station 3 ..........................................................................32 Figure 4.60: Current with 10-foot Pole – Station 33.......................................................................33 Figure 4.61: Current with 10-foot Jug – Station 33 ........................................................................33 Figure 4.62: Current with 20-foot Jug – Station 33 ........................................................................34 Figure 4.63: Current with 35-foot Jug – Station 33 ........................................................................34 Figure 4.64: Current with 50-foot Jug – Station 33 ........................................................................34 Figure 4.65: Current with 70-foot Jug – Station 33 ........................................................................35 Figure 4.50: Current and Local Wind Direction – Station 8 (July) .................................................36 Figure 4.70: Current with 10-foot Pole (GPS) – Station 8 (August)...............................................37 Figure 5.1: Predicted vs. Measured Chloride ................................................................................44 Figure 5.2: Predicted Chloride – July Average ..............................................................................46 Figure 5.10: Model Chloride Predictions – Typical Summer Conditions .......................................47 Figure