Public Engagement Innovations for Horizon 2020 Inventory of PE mechanisms and initiatives D.1.1 Authors Tine Ravn Niels Mejlgaard Contributors Timo Aarrevaara Luciano d’Andrea Lea Møller Grønfeldt Emil Bargmann Madsen Kaisa Matschoss Mikko Rask Loreta Tauginiené Saule M. Zviniene May 2014 This report is electrically available at [URL address] This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 1 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] The PE2020 Project Year of implementation: February 2014 – January 2017 Web: http://www.PE2020.eu Project consortium: NCRC National Consumer Research Centre, Finland UH University of Helsinki, Finland AU University of Aarhus, Denmark Vilnius University International Business School, VU IBS Lithuania LSC Laboratorio di Scienze della Cittadinanza, Italy Contact information: Niels Mejlgaard, AU, [email protected] Grant agreement no: 611826 Project acronym: PE2020 Project full title: Public Engagement Innovations for Horizon 2020 Project funding scheme: Seventh Framework Programme, Collaborative Project, Small or medium scale focused research project, SiS.2013.1.1.1-6: Tools and instruments for a better societal engagement in “Horizon 2020” Project co-ordinator: Mikko Rask, National Consumer Research Centre E-mail: [email protected] Project website: www.PE2020.eu This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 2 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] The PE2020 project PE2020 will identify, analyse and refine innovative public engagement (PE) tools and instruments for dynamic governance in the field of Science in Society (SiS). PE2020 analyses the PE tools and instruments through a systemic and contextual perspective, and contributes to the potential and transferability of new governance innovations. PE2020 will create new knowledge of the status quo and trends in the field of public engagement in science, refine innovative PE tools and instruments and propose new ones. The project will do this by (1) further developing a conceptual model that provides a systemic perspective of the dynamics of public and stakeholder engagement; (2) creating an updated inventory of current and prospective European PE innovations; (3) context-tailoring and piloting best practice PE processes related to the grand challenges of the Horizon 2020 and (4) developing an accessible net- based PE design toolkit that helps identify, evaluate and successfully transfer innovative PE practices among European countries. New tools and instruments for public and societal engagement are necessary to boost the quality, capacity and legitimacy of European STI governance and to solve the looming problems related to the grand societal challenges of the Horizon 2020. In order to ensure practical relevance, the project will work through intensive co-operation between researchers and science policy actors. PE2020 will expand the capacity of European and national science policy actors to integrate better societal engagement by providing an easy access to new PE tools and instruments, to be included in the requirements and implementation of research in Horizon 2020 and beyond. Acknowledgements The authors and the whole project consortium gratefully acknowledge the financial and intellectual support of this work provided by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826]. The authors also wish to acknowledge the collaboration and valuable exchange of data related to public engagement with our sister project ENGAGE2020, specifically the generous involvement of project coordinator Marie Louise Jørgensen from the Danish Board of Technology. Legal Notice The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the author/s. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 3 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] Contents THE PE2020 PROJECT 2 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Public engagement with science 7 1.2 PE2020 7 2 OBJECTIVES AND DEFINITIONS 8 2.1 Working definitions 9 3 DATA COLLECTION AND CATEGORIZATION OF PE MECHANISMS/INITIATIVES 10 3.1 Data collection 10 3.2 Categorization of PE mechanisms/initiatives 11 4 INVENTORY OF PE MECHANISMS AND INITIATIVES 14 4.1 Public communication 14 Awareness raising activities 14 New social media 29 Science competitions (primarily young people) 29 Science events (only if they include dialogue-based activities) 33 Telethon (S&T fundraising) 33 Web-portals 34 4.2 Public activism 35 Demonstrations 35 Ombudsmand 35 Protests 35 Social movement 37 4.3 Public consultation 39 Children's conference 39 Choices method 39 Citizen initiated petition 40 Citizen panel 40 Co-creation spaces 43 Community appraisal,community profiling 44 Community based environmental management 46 Community indicators 47 Consultation document (web based) 48 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 4 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] Delphi workshop 48 Direct consultation 49 E-consultation 49 Crowdsourcing (citizen science) 50 Focus groups 54 Foresight panel 55 IMAGINE (Appreciative Inquiry, AI) 58 Installation 58 Lay representation in research ethics committees (REC) 59 Parliamentary technology assessment 59 Participatory theatre 60 Petitions 60 Public consultation 61 Public debates 63 Public hearings 64 Public opinion surveys 65 Science shops 66 Stakeholder consultation (consultative panel) 67 STI councils 70 Systematic Tool for Behavioural Assumption Validation and Exploration (STAVE) 74 Technology assessment 74 4.4 Public deliberation 76 21st Century Town Meeting (by AmericaSpeaks) 76 ACE (act, create, experience), releases potential through Principle 21, Rio Summit 78 Action planning 80 Cafes of science (evt. 'conversation cafe or democracy cafe) 80 Citizen conference 82 Citizen jury 83 Citizens’ Summit 85 Consensus conference 87 Consensus seminar 90 Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) 90 Decision teater (material deliberation) 91 Deliberative consulting 92 Deliberative poll 93 Electronic town meeting (eTM) 94 European Citizens' Deliberation' method 95 Formal public dialogue 98 Gatekeeper analysis method 98 Mock trial 99 National assembly 99 Open space (sml. unconferences, fish bowl) 99 Planning for real 102 Publi(c)forums 105 Publifocus 107 Science museums and centres (only beyond interactive procedures, dialogue based mechanisms) 107 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 5 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] Science parliaments (Young European parliament) 108 SOCIAL AUDITING - is a way of measuring, understanding, reporting and ultimately improving an organisation’s social and ethical performance. 109 Walking tours (material deliberation) 110 World cafe 110 4.5 Public participation 111 Citizens' Assembly 111 Community policing 113 Initiative 114 Referendums 114 Participatory Appraisal 115 Participatory budgeting 116 Plebiscite 117 Scenario workshop 118 Youth Councils 118 5 REFERENCES 120 6 APPENDIX A – SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 121 6.1 Compilation of literature review: Search strategy and grouping of texts 121 6.1.1 Group 1: General literature about public engagement 121 6.1.2 Group 2: Literature concerning evaluation and impact of public engagement 127 6.1.3 Group 3: Public engagement vis-à-vis deliberative innovations 134 6.1.4 Group 4: Public engagement and higher education institutions 139 6.1.5 Group 5: Public engagement concerning community based research 142 6.1.6 Group 6: Public engagement with regard to specific disciplines 142 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for 6 research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [611826] 1 Introduction 1.1 Public engagement with science Academics, political institutions, institutions of higher education, CSO’s, and other SIS practitioners have increasingly turned their attention and resources towards the promotion of public engagement with issues and decisions broadly concerning science and technology. For instance, with the proliferation of novel technologies such as new biotechnologies the need to include the public in early scientific developments for idealistic, democratic, instrumental and normative reasons have become evident (Bucchi and Neresini 2007; Burchell et al. 2009; Marris & Rose 2010). In this regard, one rationale for including public input has been to increase democratic participation and reinforce scientific citizenship while acknowledging that scientific and technological advances call for new initiatives, platforms and opportunities to engage the public in democratic ways. Other benefits of public engagement include processes of deliberation in S&T governance “to enhance the capacity to respond to emerging issues with levels of public engagement that are proportionate to the issues” (Burgess