THE FOUNDATION AND FINANCING OF UPHOLLAND GRAMMAR SCHOOL BY J. J. BAGLEY, M.A. Read 17 March 1949 TTITHERTO it has been commonly accepted that, after the IT. lapsing of the previous grammar school at Upholland during the troublous times of the Civil Wars, the present Upholland Grammar School was founded in 1668 by Robert Walthew of Wal- thew House Farm, Pemberton. There was good reason for this belief. Christopher Wase, who reported on the School in 1673, named Walthew as the founder. 111 A document written in 1705, and quoted by Gastrell in the second volume of Notitia Cestriensis, declared that Walthew founded the School "about 1667". Later writers accepted these facts, and when H.M. Commissioners visited Upholland in 1828 to enquire into the administration of public charities and educational institutions, their report suggested nothing to the contrary. "By indenture of feoffment, bearing date 22 March 1668, Robert Walthew granted to William Bankes and six others, their heirs and assigns, a messuage or tenement therein described, in trust, for the maintenance of a free grammar school within the town of Upholland and also towards finding a sufficient, able, learned man to be schoolmaster, and another such to be usher, to keep the said grammar school therein, to teach and instruct children of the inhabitants of Upholland and other adjacent townships. ." Two obscure statements threw a little doubt upon this traditional belief. An entry in the Bishops' Visitation Books at Chester spoke of John Barton, the second headmaster, being summoned to appear before the ecclesiastical court because he had failed to be present when the bishop formally visited Wigan in 1665, and a letter written in 1747 by Robert Cawley, a later headmaster, referred to a gift made as early as 1662 by Henry Fisher "towards a foundation for our School." Since these two timid voices tried to make themselves heard against the strong chorus of tradition, one was tempted either to ignore them, or to quieten them by suggesting abortive attempts to revive the previous school. During the last year, however, they have received powerful support from a forgotten parcel of seven­ teenth century manuscripts recently entrusted to the care of the "'In his "History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster" (1870) Edward Baines quoted the answers given by Upholland Grammar School, probably through the Headmaster of the day, Francis Harper, to the questionnaire which Wase had circulated to the grammar schools. Unfortunately Baines did not quote the whole of the answer to the second question, and omitted the significant date. Dr. R. W. Hunt, Keeper of the Western Manuscripts at the Bodleian Library which possesses Wase's papers, has kindly transcribed that answer. It reads as follows: "It (I.e. the School) was founded about the of Lrd [sic] 59 the charges of the building amounting to an Hundred and. ." 85 86 FOUNDING OF UPHOLLAND G.S. Lancashire Record Office, Preston. Tradition has been shouted down. The sixteenth century school, which almost certainly grew out of the dissolved Upholland Priory, continued its work at Upholland into the next century. In 1604 the headmaster, James Wilson, was accused of being a recusant: in 1641 Adam Martindale, well known later in life as a Puritan minister and a victim of the Five Mile Act, confessed in his diary that he spent an unhappy three months as schoolmaster at Upholland, because he refused to denounce "the sanctimonious Puritans" and the Parliamentary cause. During the late thirties and early forties of the seventeenth century, the whole neighbourhood grew increasingly restless. Many prominent fami­ lies defied the Act of Uniformity and clung to the Catholic faith. They broke the law, but they did not embitter local opinion. Upholland preferred a Papist to a Puritan. As the religious quarrel between Anglicans and Puritans gradually merged with the political quarrel between Crown and Parliament, most Uphollanders did not require the Earl of Derby's encouragement to side with the King. In the defence of Lathom House and in the Derby Rebellion of 1651 they flaunted their loyalty. Township and parish lay under sus­ picion throughout the years of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, but the local people continued to get much of their own way. Catholicism lived on, its strength almost unimpaired, and the local gentlemen and yeomen, who in 1652 had come to the rescue of the Derby family by buying up parts of the sequestered estates of James, the condemned earl, quietly resold them later on for nominal sums to his successor, Earl Charles. The original school at Upholland disappeared in the confusion of those crowded and dangerous years. Probably Adam Martindale was its last headmaster. Any source of income it might have had in addition to pupils' fees disappeared with it. The gentlemen and yeomen of the neighbourhood agreed that Upholland was poorer for having no school, and several of them vaguely asserted that something would have to be done about it once times became more settled. On 1 November 1656, Richard Leigh, who lived hard by the church and owned the priory or abbey lands, made the first tentative move. To five trustees, his nephew Alexander Leigh of Ackhurst Hall, Geoffrey Birchall and George Barton of Orrell, Robert Walthew of Pemberton and Bartholomew Holme of Up­ holland, he conveyed the western part of Mickle Holme meadows in Pemberton, with instructions that each Sunday in the year they should use a shilling of the rent to supply "good and wholesome wheaten bread to twelve of such poor, impotent, decrepit and needy persons within the townships or villages of Upholland, Orrell and Pemberton aforesaid as they the said trustees shall think fit ... for as long time and until a free School shall be erected and built within Upholland or Orrell aforesaid, and afterwards . (the trustees) shall and will from time to time and all times pay, employ, disburse and bestow yearly and half yearly the said rent of 52/- . toward the maintaining of an able schoolmaster, who shall from time to time by the appointment of such persons who shall be feoffees THE FAMILIES OF MOLYNEUX AND LEIGH Roger Molyneux = Eliz., d. of Thomas Gerard of Ince. 1 I 2 Elizabeth d. of Sir ~ Thomas Molyneux(') = Sybil, d. of Wm. Newton Wm. Molyneux = Sybil(') Thomas Boteier of Hawkley, buried of Pownall, Cheshire. d. Feb. 1623. of Beausey. at Wigan, 16 May Buried at Wigan. 1586. Richard Molyneux == Anne, d. of Thomas Layton = Eliz., d. of Sir James Metcalfe Refused knighthood 1631 Geo. Astley of Sexhow Nappa, Co. York. Edmund Molyneux Agnes (-) -- Wm. Leigh, yeoman, d. 1664. in Cleveland Mercer of London d. before 1616. Co. York, d. 1616. d. 1583. i Thomas Ralph Layton = Dorothy '" d. of d. before 1664. 1 Sir Thomas Gerard Margaret = James Leigh of Ackhurst Jane. Richard, good man of the Abbey, I of Bryn Hall. c. 1578-1648. d. May 1658, buried at Upholland. _ I Anne, d. of Hugh = Richaid Anne ^ ander Richard = Elizabeth Alice, Jane, Ellefi.' 3 ' John. Barrow, schoolmaster 1624-81. J. Mar. 1683 d. Jan. 1676 d. Mar. 1683 d. Dec. 1685. at Wigan. ] Buried at ! Buried at Buried at Buried at Upholland. Upholland. Upbolland. Upholland. 1 1 Emma or Richard John Joseph " Jane Mary. Margaret Philip 111 Elizabeth Margery. Thomas Catherine Emeremia ! d. Dec. 1683. 1639-1703 d. Oct. 1706. 1651-1717 d. Nov. 1717. d. July 1729. Hugh Williamilltan d. Sept. 1727 | Buried at Jesuit Priest. Buried at Jesuit Priest. Buried at Buried at o.s.p. Buried at I Upholland. Uphoiland. Upholland. Upholland. Upholland. Alexander"11 Margaret Anne. = Mr. Sandford of Catherine 1681-1748 o.s.p. Living in Up Rossall, Co. Salop. o.s.p. Sept. 1736. Jesait Priest. Aug. 1736. 1740. d. before 1717. Posthumous child. '" 1577 Thomas Molyneux guilly of recusancy "in lands £40 and in goods £100." Catholic Record Society Publications, Vol. XXII, p. 72. ia) 1592 Recusant Roll Dorothea Layton nuper de Asshelon pred' ux' Radulft Layton, gen', ciiii tXX, fiat commissio. 1592-3 Recusant Roll Sibilla Mollynex nuper de Pemberton in parcel? de Wiggan pred' spinster ux' Willelmi Mollynex gen', iv £.XX,fiat commissio. Agneta Leigh nuper de IViggan pred' spinster ux' Willelmi Leigh yom, iv £.XX, fiat commissio. Catholic Record Society Publications, Vol. XVIII, p. 212. "" Jan. 13, 1681. Ellen Leigh of Orrell, spinster, was buried at Upholland. 111 Fr. John Joseph Leigh, alias Layton, S.J. Studied at St. Omer College, was professed of four vows in August 1673, worked successively at Durham, St. Omer, Lincoln and Ghent, died at Mechlin December 1703. (Foley, Records of the English Province, Vol. VII, pp. 448-9.) John Joseph is not mentioned in Alexander's will, but when the Rector of St. Omer College wrote a testimonial for Philip Leigh on his entering the English College at Rome, he wrote, "Philip Leigh is born of respectable parents, and has a brother in the Society." John Joseph used the family alias of Layton. When his nephew Alexander entered the Society of Jesus in December 1700, he was known as "John Layton, Junr." Ibid., Vol. V, pp. 661-2. "' Fr. Philip Leigh, aliases Layton and Metcalfe, S.J. Studied at St. Omer College, 1067-9, and the English College at Rome, 1671-78, was professed of four vows in August 1688, was Superior of the Durham District during the reign of James II, and later chaplain at Powis Castle to the family of the Earl (later Duke) of Powis. He died at Holy well in 1717. (Ibid., Vol. V, pp. 661-2, Vol. VI, p. 418. Catholic Record Society Publications, Vol. XL, p. 83) It is interesting to note that Fr.