About Volume One Why Is This Volume Important? Volume One focuses on the multiple defi nitional terms related to the comprehensive func- tioning of human resource management (HRM). From a more strategic sense, the introduction section of this volume attempts to anchor these defi nitions in a common purpose related to overall talent management—an important challenge facing organizations today. Therefore, this volume is important in that it brings a current defi nitional perspective of incremental HRM, yet seeks to apply them to a more progressive agenda of required business partnership for HR professionals. While not inclusive of all of the accepted defi nitional terms related to the practice of HRM, this volume provides a vast array of articles on updated and insightful topics for the benefi cial use of modern-day HR professionals. What Can You Achieve with This Volume? The articles presented in Volume One were written to give readers a comprehensive perspec- tive on the scope of today’s HR terminology and practices. Some of the terms that are defi ned provide an in-depth focus of topics long-practiced in HRM, while others attempt to provide a current defi nition for approaching a familiar practice. In all situations, they have been designed to stimulate new thinking and knowledge in the reader. How Is the Volume Organized? Following a compelling introduction concerning effective talent management challenges faced by modern HR professionals, the terms described in this volume are presented in alpha- betical order. Each author begins with generally accepted defi nitions of the topic and brings forth recent research for updating the scope of the topic and summarizes with a new and progressive defi nition of the important term in the fi eld. 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Essential resources for training and HR professionals www.pfeiffer.com Y THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Short Entries VOLUME ONE Executive Editor William J. Rothwell, Ph.D., SPHR Volume One Editor Robert K. Prescott, Ph.D., SPHR Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Published by Pfeiffer An Imprint of Wiley One Montgomery Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94104-4594 www.pfeiffer.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. 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If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The encyclopedia of human resource management / executive editor, William J. Rothwell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-25773-9 (v. 1)—ISBN 978-0-470-25772-2 (v. 2)—ISBN 978-0-470-25771-5 (v. 3) — ISBN 978-0-470-59134-5 (set) 1. Personnel management—Encyclopedias. I. Rothwell, William J., 1951– HF5549.A23E53 2012 658.3003—dc23 2011043163 Acquiring Editor: Matthew Davis Director of Development: Kathleen Dolan Davies Production Editor: Dawn Kilgore Editor: Rebecca Taff Editorial Assistant: Michael Zelenko Manufacturing Supervisor: Becky Morgan Printed in the United States of America HB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Introduction to Volume One xiii Robert K. Prescott 1. The Evolving Practice of Talent Management 1 Brian E. Wilkerson 2. Multi-Rater (360-Degree) Feedback Instruments 7 Curtis D. Curry 3. Action Learning 13 Yongho Park 4. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) 17 Katy Lynn Wilson 5. Adverse Impact 24 Kyle E. Brink 6. Affi rmative Action 30 Wanda M. Costen v vi Contents 7. Affi rmative Action Plans 35 M. Edward Krow 8. Appreciative Inquiry 42 Michele L. Newhard 9. Assessment 50 Mimi Hull 10. Background Investigation 57 Toni Arnold 11. Behavior Modeling 62 Yeonsoo Kim 12. Employee Benefi ts 68 Dawn Denniston Peterson 13. Burnout 75 Michele L. Newhard 14. Business Ethics 83 Thomas J. Horvath 15. Campus Recruiting 90 Erin G. Howarth 16. Career Development 98 Judy Y. Sun, Greg G. Wang 17. Change Management 103 Greg G. Wang, Judy Y. Sun 18. Child and Elder Care 107 Danielle Tavernier Spears 19. Civil Rights Acts 112 Emily R. Wilkins 20. Civil Rights Act of 1991 118 John M. Bagyi, Wendy S. Becker Contents vii 21. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) 123 Dawn M. Fleming 22. Collective Bargaining 127 William B. Werner 23. Comparable Worth 131 Wanda M. Costen 24. Compensation 136 Danielle Marie Bologna 25. Corporate University 143 Yongho Park 26. Crisis Management 147 Nellie J. Brown, Nancy J. Lampen 27. Corporate Social Responsibility 153 Philip H. Mirvis 28. Culture 160 Ken Hultman 29. Disciplinary Procedures 165 Wanda M. Costen 30. Drug Tests 169 Brandon Bruce Vargo 31. Employee Wellness Programs 174 Steven N. Waller, Lebron P. Moten 32. Employment-at-Will 180 Judith Kish Ruud, Wendy S. Becker 33. Employee Relations 186 Andrea Burns viii Contents 34. Equal Pay Act of 1963 191 Emily R. Wilkins 35. Executive Compensation 197 Traci M. Pauley 36. Executive Education 203 Gerri Hura 37. Executive Order 11246 209 Deborah Kaplan-Wyckoff 38. Executive Search Firms 213 John D. Piccolo 39. Flexible Benefi ts 217 Maurie Caitlin Kelly 40. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 222 Deborah Kaplan-Wyckoff 41. Glass Ceilings 227 Yongho Park 42. Global Supply Chain Management for HR 231 Martin K. Starr 43. Global Teams 239 Tracy H. Porter, Sharon E. Norris 44. Grievance 243 William B. Werner 45. Guilds 247 Maurie Caitlan Kelly 46. HR Metrics and Analytics 252 Donald P. Rogers 47. Human Resources Compliance 258 Peter M. Wald, Marcus Winterfeldt Contents ix 48. Human Resource Strategy 264 Laura A. Mindek 49. Mergers and Acquisitions 270 Jim Bowles 50. Human Resource Management 275 Donald P. Rogers 51.