NORTH ATLANTIC HURRICANES AND TROPICAL DISTURBANCES OF 1947 H. C. SUMNER fall vegetables had more than offset damage to the cotton [Weather Bureau, Washington, D. 0.1 c:op. Amon the recorded heavy amounts of precipita- tion which fef 1 in Texas during passage of this storm are: Viewed from the standpoint of property damage, with Corpus Christi, 3.28 inches; Raymondville, 9.78 inches; losses estimated at about $135,000,000, the hurricane Falfurrias, 8.11 inches; and Brownsville, 4.41 inches. season of 1947 must be listed among the most destructive No loss of life or injury was reported. in the records of the Hurricane Warning Service, estab- 11. Hurricane of August 12-i6.-On August 12 a lished in 1873. In a year of very severe hurricanes which tropical storm formed over the northwestern Caribbean passed over heavily populated coastal areas, the loss of Sea, moved on a westerly course over the Yucatan Penin- only 53 lives in the United States sustained the annual sula, and after developing hurricane force winds while record of less than 4 fatalities for each $10,000,000 in passing over the southern Gulf of Mesico, moved inland property damage, a record which had been maintained for on the Mexican east coast a short clistance south of Tam- the 6 previous seasons. Casualties now number less than pico. On the morning of August 15, winds as high as 110 3 percent of the proportional loss of 20 years ago; it is ni. p. 11. were reported in that city. There were 19 deaths believed that a large contributing factor toward this from this hurricane, one in Tampico and 18 iu the oil reduction in casualties has been the maintenance of an fields to the south. adequate hurricane warning service and mass evacuations 111. Tropical disturbance qf August 18-27.-This dis- of the population from exposed and low-lying areas. turbance formed in an easterly wave that moved west- During the past season, 10 tropical storms were detected, ward through the Florida Straits on August 18. By the 5 of which developed hurricane or near-hurricane-force morning of the 19th a circulation had formed some 150 winds. The most intense was that of September 10-19 miles west-southwest of Key West, Fla. During this (No. VI), which crossed the southern portion of the stage of development the highest wind reported was about Florida Peninsula on the 17th, traversed the eastern Gulf 45 m. p. h. in squalls at some points along the Florida of Mexico, and moved inland on the Louisiana and Keys. The disturbance moved slowly westward to the Mississippi coasts on the morning of the 19th, with the middle Gulf, where on the 21st it was so weak that its center passing directly over the business section of New path could not be followed with certainty. Subsequently, Orleans. This hurricane took a toll of 51 lives in E I&da, it redeveloped and moved into Texas in the vicinity of Louisiana, and Mississippi, with total property damage Galveston on the 24th, as a storm of small diameter estimated at $110,000,000. accompnnied by winds of near-hurricane force. On October 15 another severe hurricane (No. IX), The lowest observed pressure, 992.2 mb. (29.30 inches), moving on a westerly course, passed inland over the reported by the Galveston office, occurred at 4:45 p. m. Georgia coast a short distance south of Savannah. When There was little evidence of a storm tide until shortly hurricane warnings were ordered, hundreds of persons before the approach of the center: the rise of 0.6 foot, from were evacuated from the beaches. Since high tides along 3.4 to 4.0 feet, took place on August 24 between 3 and the Georgia and South Carolina coasts ranged from 12.0 4 p. m. The tide reading was recorded on the U. S. feet above mean low tide at Savannah Beach, Ga., to Engineer staff gage located at the entrance of Galveston 9.0 feet above at Charleston, S. C., these mass evacuations Channel. were largely responsible for the absence of fatalities along Total damage from the storm was estimated at $200,000. the beaches. ~ In the city of Galveston it was confined mainly to roofs, Of the three other severe North At,lantic tropical storms signs, plate glass, and the interiors of dwellings, for the of 1947, only one reached the coast line of the United most part caused by wind-driven rain. In Galveston States. This Auzust storm (No. 111) moved inland over County, outside the city, property damage was estimated Galveston, Tex., &companied by winds of near-hurricane at $150,000 and crop damage at $32,500, of which $25,000 force which wrought damage of about $200,000. wns loss to the rice crop! One man was electrocuted in For the entire season a record number of 159 official Galveston while trying to move a live wire that had fallen warnings and advisories were issued from the hurricane forecast centers of the Weather Bureau. to the ground. The following are reviews of all North Atlantic hurri- IV. Tropical disfurbance of August 21--22.-On the after- canes and tropical disturbances that, occurred during the noon of August 21, the center of a weak tropical disturb- 1947 season. A synopsis of the important features of these ance was located by reconnaissance planes about 75 miles storms is given in Table 2; their tracks, numbered I to south-southeast of Burrwood, La. This center moved X, chronologically, are plotted on the Chart following this west-northwestward and passed inland on the Louisiana article. coast just west of Grand Isle. The strongest wind re- I. Minor tropical disturbance of July Si-August i.-A ported was 44 m. p. h., at Grand Isle. weak tropical disturbance formed in the southwest Gulf of V. Minor tropical dhfurbance of September 7-8.- Mexico on July 31, moved westward and then north- During the afternoon of September 7 a small tropical northwestward across the western Gulf of Mexico, and storm formed over the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Mov- passed inland on the Gulf Coast a short distance south of ing northwestward, it passed over the Gulf coast between Brownsville, Tex. The strongest wind reported was 44 Mobile, Ala., and Biloxi, Miss., on the following after- m. p. h., at Port Isabel, Tex. noon. Gusts of 45 m. p. h. were reported at Mobile Heavy rains caused some damage to the cotton crop. and 51 m. p. h. at Pensacola, Fla. Two ships went Early estimates mentioned a loss of about $2,000,000, aground in Mobile Bay during the morning of September but subsequent reports indicated that improved moisture 8, but were refloated early in the afternoon. NO other conditions for ranges, late feed crops, c.it,rus fruit, and damage was reported. 251 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/25/21 05:51 AM UTC 252 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW DECEMBEE1947 VI. Major hurricane of September 10-19.-The first was estimated at 90 m. p. h., with gusts to 110 m. p. h. indication that a u-ell-developed tropical storm had Heavy damage occurred along the west coast from Eve- formed over the Atlantic came in a report from the S. S. glades City to Sarasota, with greatest damage in the Fort Arakaka, radioed during the night of September 10 from Myers-Punta Gorda area. Everglades City was inun- a position near latitude 15' N., longitude 49O W. Prior dated to n depth of 2 feet by tidewater which rose 5%feet to this, however, the Pan American Airways station at above normal. At Naples the lull was felt for an hour Dakar, F. W. A, had reported that a low pressure area between 9 and 10 p. ni. on the 17th, with the wind drop- had developed over French West Africa on Sept,ember ping to 12 m. p. h. at 9:45 p. 1x1. North of Naples strong 2 and hac1 moved westward across the coast line. Over offshore winds resulted in below-normal tides. the water this depression deepened, and on September 4 For Florida, property clamage and crop losses were gave Dakar 3.36 inches of rain. This circulation was estimated at slightly over $31,000,000. Eleven persons traced until it reached the Cape Verde Islands on Sep- were killed as n direct result of the storm, and six others tember 5 but was subsequently lost through n lack of ship died through related accidents and electrocutions. Among observations. Since an average progressive westward the dead were seven of the crew members of a Cuban niovement of about' 17 in. p. h. for the next 5 clays woiiltl fishing vessel, Antonio Certlado, which foundered a short have brought this disturbance near the storm position distance off Fort RZyers. first report,ed by the drcrkaka, it seems probable that the ship was reporting the sanie storm and that this great OVER THE GULF September hurricane had its genesis over u-esbern Africa. After lenving Florida the hurricane turned to n more northwesterly course over the Gulf of hlesico, and, in- OVER FLORIDA creasing to about 18 m. p. h. in its progressive movement, From the time of the storm's detection on September 10, swept on to the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts during reconnaissance planes of the Army and Navy followed it the morning of September 19. By 5 a. m. winds of hur- on a west-northwesterly coiirse until it reached a position ricane force (75 111. p.