NASA/TP—2013-217818 NASA Glenn’s Contributions to Aircraft Engine Noise Research Dennis L. Huff Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio December 2013 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices technical, or historical information from of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, NASA programs, projects, and missions, often organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates concerned with subjects having substantial NASA’s STI. 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NASA/TP—2013-217818 NASA Glenn’s Contributions to Aircraft Engine Noise Research Dennis L. Huff Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 December 2013 Acknowledgments Thanks goes to the hundreds of people at the NASA Glenn Research Center who, have dedicated their professional careers to improving the quality of life near the world’s airports by developing technologies for reducing engine noise since the early 1950s. What is often not obvious to the general public is the amount of time needed to conduct tests over multiple shifts, months, and years without taking breaks. The dedication of the test teams comes with a sacrifice to their personal and family lives. The analytical work has attracted the finest theoreticians in the world to either work directly at Glenn or to visit the Center to collaborate on cutting-edge research. Thanks also go to the academic and industry partners who have helped Glenn advance the state of the art by incorporating the technologies into their products. Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identification only. Their usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Level of Review: This material has been technically reviewed by expert reviewer(s). Available from NASA Center for Aerospace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5301 Shawnee Road Hanover, MD 21076–1320 Alexandria, VA 22312 Available electronically at http://www.sti.nasa.gov Contents Summary........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 History and Key Issues Overview ................................................................................................................................. 1 Early Years (The NACA) ....................................................................................................................................... 1 NASA ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Noise Reduction Trends ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Regulations ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Facilities and Measurement Methods ............................................................................................................................ 4 Altitude Wind Tunnel ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Engine Test Stands ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Large-Scale Fan Rig ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Hot Jet Rig .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Engine Tests With ICDs ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Anechoic Chamber for Fan Noise .......................................................................................................................... 8 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel ................................................................................................................. 8 The Aero-Acoustic Propulsion Laboratory .......................................................................................................... 10 Flight Test Aircraft ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Noise Prediction Methods............................................................................................................................................ 13 ANOPP Engine Modules ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Rice Equations ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Theoretical Aeroacoustics .................................................................................................................................... 13 Jet Noise Prediction Code (JeNo) ......................................................................................................................... 13 RSI Fan Noise Code ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Computational Aeroacoustics ............................................................................................................................... 14 Programs, Partnerships, and Impact ............................................................................................................................ 15 Turbojet Noise Reduction ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Quiet Engine Program (QEP) ............................................................................................................................... 16 Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul, Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Program .................................................................... 17 Refan Program ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 Quiet, Clean, General Aviation Turbofan (QCGAT) Program ............................................................................. 18 Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) Program ....................................................................................................... 18 Advanced Turboprop (ATP) Program .................................................................................................................. 19 High-Speed Research (HSR) Program ................................................................................................................