1 Editorial team - dr. Virgil Ștefan Nițulescu – Editor in chief; - Raluca Iulia Capotă – peer-reviewer; - Mircea Victor Angelescu – peer-reviewer; Proofreading: Radu Vasile Graphic Concept: Gheorghe Iosif Cover: CătălinLorem Toma ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin posuere Desktop publishing:efficitur tortor Aurora quis Pădureanu venenatis. Nam non dui elit. Donec congue ipsum et Translation: Mina Fanea-Ivanovici scelerisque volutpat. Pellentesque interdum malesuada neque non Correspondingelementum. address: Morbi in nunc et massa ullamcorper commodo rutrum at No. 22, Unirii Blvd., 2nd Floor, Sector 3, Postal Code 030833, Bucharest Tel: 021 891n eque.91 03 |Fusce Fax: 021placerat 893 31 aliquet 75 | malesuada. Phasellus non http://www.culturadata.ro/categorie-publicatii/revista-muzeelor/ www.facebook.com/RevistaMuzeelor © National Institute for Cultural Research and Training ISSN 1220-1723 ISSN-L 1220-1723 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING 2 No. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin posuere efficitur tortor quis venenatis. Nam non dui elit. Donec congue ipsum et ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MUSEUMS scelerisque volutpat. Pellentesque interdum malesuada neque non elementum. Morbi in nunc et massa ullamcorper commodo rutrum at neque. Fusce placerat aliquet malesuada. Phasellus non D I G I T I Z A T I O N 3 5 Virgil Ștefan NIȚULESCU – Editorial DIGITIZATION 8 Ghizela Cosma, Anca Ioana Docolin – World War I in 3D in Europeana. The Contribution of the Octavian Goga Cluj County Library 18 Dan Matei – The European Digital Library (and its National “Clones”): A Cultural Sock for Museums as Well 27 Izabela Luiza Pop, Tiberiu Alexa – The Use of Technological Innovation for Increasing the Museum Heritage Accessibility and Attractiveness 37 Alis Vasile – A New Digital Revolution - Open Data or the Re-use of Public Sector Information 43 Andrei Crăciun – Research on Cultural Heritage Digitization 50 Valer Rus – A New Approach to Digital Museum Heritage Valorization 55 Raluca Bem Neamu, Carmen Croitoru, Anda Becuț – Openness to the BLE OF CONTENTS Effective Communication with the Audience by Reviewing the Museum Websites in Romania TA 62 Natalia Negru – (Non) Digitization of Rural Museum Collections in Dâmbovița County. Challenges to the Digitization of the Moveable Rural Cultural Heritage CULTURAL MARKETING CONFERENCE THE BUCHAREST MUNICIPALITY MUSEUM 71 Introduction. 74 Carmen Croitoru – Cultural Marketing 78 Adrian Majuru – The Museum of Our Ages, from Childhood to Old Age 81 Ovidiu Baron – The Fair as a Socio-cultural Event and a Public Education Tool 84 Raluca Ioana Andrei – Fairs and Museums - Economic and Educational Outlook 87 Coralia Costaș – Museum as a Cultural Product: From Customer Interest to Customer Retention 92 Horia-Ioan Iova – Alternative Spaces and Audiences – The Bucharest Municipality Museum MISCELLANEOUS 96 Ioan Denuț, Alexandra Sîngeorzan, Elisabeta Fodor, Anca Cociotă – The Museum of Mineralogy at its 40th Anniversary 4 EDITORIAL Virgil Ștefan NIȚULESCU, PhD Editor in Chief BLE OF CONTENTS TA ABSTRACT Abstract: Though Romania had good opportunities to be in the frontline of the European countries in the process of digitising the national cultural heritage, most of the last 15 years were lost, as the Ministry of Culture proved little interest in sustaining this advantage. That is why, after joining the EU, Romania had to face an important gap, regarding the progress made in the rest of Europe. Some of the reasons, beside the governmental attitude, are the scarce human resources, the lack of spaces and technology, the completely insufficient budgets for digitisation, the low salaries of the personnel and the neglecting of the major role which should be played by the national integrator, the National Institute of Cultural Heritage. The present issue of our journal for museums is presenting only some relevant cases about the efforts made by museums in digitising their cultural heritage, as well as some theoretical debates. Also, we are raising some questions about the duties of the national authorities, which are not fulfilled. Key-words: Romanian museums, digitisation. 5 The issue of cultural heritage digitizing (and this be the most important platform of cultural resources phrase is purely conventional; in fact, it refers on the continent, several other initiatives, such as to cultural resources, and not just to what the Google Art Project, have succeeded to resuscitate Romanian law typically defines asproperty ) has been the interest of major holders of movable cultural discussed before in “Revista Muzeelor” (Romanian heritage. Journal of Museums) and has been reiterated more and more frequently in the last two decades. On the other hand however, one should not overlook Romania, unlike many European countries, enjoyed the efforts undertaken by other institutions that, the initial advantage of having a centralized cultural though they are not museums, they are important goods record system, which facilitated a smooth cultural heritage managers, as it is the case, for transition to the digitization process. However, the example, of the National Archives of Romania, decentralization of cultural institutions in Romania the National Library of Romania or the Romanian did not work as expected, fact that adversely Academy. impacted on the process of collection, management and optimization of cultural goods databases. At this moment, I do not believe that there are still people or institutions in Romania to question the Under the circumstances, despite the efforts made need for digitization of the cultural heritage, in a by the former Institute for Cultural Memory and a world where the first impulse we feel when we want few enthusiasts in the cultural field, when Romania to find out more about a certain cultural good from joined the European Union, the gap between our anywhere in the world is to search the databases country and the other Member States, where available online. Instead, someone might ask why digitization had been a priority since the end of the cultural heritage digitization needs a national last century, became evident. integrator, for that matter. I will briefly answer this question below. Efforts to resume cultural heritage digitization and take it to the next level intensified for a short while, Firstly, the big international databases, including more specifically in 2007 and 2008, only to be de europeana, have put in place specific data uploading facto abandoned in the next six years, due to the rules, which imply a degree of standardization that reorganization (by a merger) of the Institute for the museums cannot always achive by themselves . Cultural Memory. By the time the National Heritage Secondly, before data get to be known at continental Institute finally managed to get the process up or global level, it would be desirable that they be and running again, a lot of precious resources had available to the users in Romania – who are the first been lost, not only in terms of time, but, worse people interested to get to know more about their even, in terms of people and field-related expertise. national heritage, be they specialists or members Meanwhile though, some of the museums in Romania of the general public. And this is precisely the role had taken over the digitization task, either on their of the National Heritage Institute, among others. own initiative or in response to impulses coming Finally, the technical possibilities of Romania in from abroad. Besides europeana, which continues to terms of digitization are limited. The Therefore, a 6 national integrator would facilitate the exchange lines to digitization. Finally, I as I said before, the of information among institutions and would help lack (or, more exactly, the disregarding of) a national streamline the heritage digitization process. integrator generates serious inconsistencies in terms of individual digitization activities. Now, what are the major constraints the Romanian museums are facing with respect to heritage The articles in this issue of Revista Muzeelor are digitization? describing a few initiatives of museums in Romania, along with some views on the cultural heritage Without claiming to make an exhaustive list of digitizing methodology. Our publication can only problems here, I would first of all mention the lack raise a red flag and convey a warning message of human resources in general and of field-related that, hopefully, will be heard and understood by all expertise in particular. In a situation where museums stakeholders, and in particular by regulators, whose Romania are forced to operate based on outdated involvement is crucial for the saving and promotion staffing structures, their only chance to take up and in digital format of our national cultural heritage at, successfully fulfil the challenge (or the duty, I would at least, a reasonable speed compared to the other say) posed by the digitization of their own heritage European countries. At the moment we cannot is to win projects or grants, either at national or at possibly draw up the picture of the nationwide state European level, which would enable them to hire of digitization. As such, a better cooperation among specialist staff on a temporary basis. Secondly, the the National Heritage Institute, the National Institute chronic lack of up-to-date equipment is yet another of Cultural Research and Training and the holders reason why museums in Romania are still lagging of cultural goods could provide, in a few years from behind the museums in most of the other European now, the big picture of what has been done so far countries. Thirdly, museums in Romania are in and what the future direction is on this front. That short supply of adequate spaces for the digitization is why we hope to see some practical arrangements operations. In fact, they even lack spaces for the in connection with heritage digitization incorporated storage of their current heritage, let alone for future in both the central strategies and in the local acquisitions they would want to make in the future development plans. to enrich their collections.