Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Compiledby: J.CraigWebb,MMR Issued: October1999 THEMAINIDEA References: CanadianNationalRailway's PassengerCarEquipmentbinder,1967 Sincepassengerservicesaremanyandvaried,andfor Page: 1of9 every"ruleofthumb"therearelotsofexceptions,the informationpresentedherehastobelimited.Surveys suggestmostmodelrailroadersworkinthepreAmtrak/VIAera,soIhavewrittenthisinthehistoric sense,althoughthebasicideasapplytothesecorporationsaswell.Theinformationshouldhelp theaveragemodelertodesignanauthentic,ifgeneric,passengerserviceusingofftheshelfmodel equipment.Thosewhoaretryingtoduplicateaparticularprototypecandofurtherresearch throughhistoricsocieties,theKalmbachLibrary,andthemanyexcellentbooksandmagazine articlesthathavebeenwritten. TYPESOFSERVICE a)Shorthaul/commuter: Thesetrainsweregenerallycoachonly,withpossiblyabaggagecaron theh ead-end. b)Mediumdistance: Inadditiontocoachesandabaggagecar,somesortofmealservicewould beprovided.Firstclassservicewasusuallyavailable,too.Ifitwasadaytrain,thiswouldbe parlorcarservice.Iftheservicewasovernight,thefirstclassservicewouldbesleepers.Inthe UnitedStates,carriersusuallycontractedwithPullmanforparlorandsleepingcaroperation.In CanadaandMexico,thecarriersoperatedtheirownservices,althoughPullmanoftenprovided thesleepersoninternationalrunsbetweenAmericancitiesandthosenorthorsouthofthe borders.Pullmancouldprovide mealserviceaswell,butitwasmorecommonforindividual railroadstohavetheirowndiningcardepartments. c)LongDistance: Inadditiontothecarsin(b),longdistancetrainsusuallycarriedlounge equipment.Intheheavy-weightera,thiswasoftenacarwithanopenplatform,carriedonthe rearofthetrain.Asspeedincreased,theglassedinsolariumendbecamemorepopular,and thengavewaytotheroundedendcarinthestreamlinedera.Thesecarswereoftenasignature pieceforthetrain,andcarriedthetrain'snameonthetailend.Somecompaniespreferredmid- trainloungeequipment.Aloungenex ttothediningcarcouldserveasawaitingareaduring mealtimes.Ifsleeperswerebeingaddedandsubtractedduringtherun,amid-trainloungewas morepractical.Duringthestreamlinedera,varioustypesofdomecarswereaddedtolong distancetrainsaswell. d)HeadEndEquipment: Thisisageneraltermforbaggage,express,andpostofficecarsthat wereusuallycarriedbetweenthelocomotiveandthepassengercarryingequipment.Trainsin the(b)and(c)categoriesusuallyhadamannedbaggagecarforpassengers'luggage:You couldtake150poundswithyouonafirstclassticket.Thiscarwouldalsoreceiv eandsetout smallexpressshipments.ManytrainsalsohadaworkingRailwayPostOfficecar,wheremail wasactuallysorted,received,andsetoff,asthetrainmadeitsrun.Inaddition,unmannedcars ofexpress,bulkmail,specialshipments,etc.,couldbepickedupandsetoutatstationsalong theroute.Thiswassuchabusiness,thatmanyrailroadsranscheduledexpress/mailtrainsthat carriedminimalpassengercarryingequipmentontherear,oftenjustacoach. e)MixedService: Wherepassengerservicewasneeded,butpopulationwasverylight,mixed freightandpassengerservicewasoffered.Thep assengercarryingcarwasusuallya baggage/coachcombine,fittedwithanindependentmeansofheating,sinceitwasusually carriedattheendofthetrain,behindthefreightcars. Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 2of9 WORKINGAPASSENGERTRAIN Modelersoftenthinkofpassengertrainsasbeingfixedconsists,andfreightasthetrainsthatare switched,butthemajorityofpassengertrainsusedtobeworkedaswell.Inadditiontothehead- endcarsmentionedabove,sleepersoftenwouldbeswitchedfromtraintotraintoreachtheir destinations.Adinermightservelunchwestboundononetrain,besetoutatanintermediate station,andreturneastboundonanothertrainservingthedinnercrowd.Evenfairlysmalldepots hadlayovertracksforexpresscarsorsleepers.Whilearuleofthumbforconsistswashead-end, coaches,diner,s leepers/parlors,therulecouldbebrokentomakeenrouteswitchingeasier. AnexampleofatrainthatwasworkedistheNorthland . CanadianNational/Ontario NorthlandTrain87,whichconnectedToronto,Ontario,withanumberofsmallcommunitiesin NorthernOntario.ThistrainranintotheVIAera,butthefollowingdescriptionisfrom1971. UsualConsistleavingToronto; #1:ONdiesel"A"unitfacingnorth. #2:CNdiesel"A"unitfacingnorth. #3:BaggageCar,eitherCNorON #4:CNSleeper(Sections/Bedrooms/Roomettes) #5:ONCoach(recliningseats) #6:Snack/LoungeCar,eitherCNorON #7:ONCoach(recliningseats) #8:CNSlee per(Sections/Bedrooms/Roomettes) #9:CNSleeper(Sections/Bedrooms) Amapanddescriptionofhowthetrainwasworkedfollows. Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 3of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS Notethatmostofthefollowingcarswerebuiltinbothheavyweightandstreamlined form. TheHeadEnd: ThemostcommoncarsinthiscategorywouldbebaggagecarsandRailwayPostOffices. Baggagecarsthatweretobemannedhadtohaveheat,washroomequipment,andasmalloffice area.Manybaggagecarswereforexpress,builtmail,etc,andhadaveryutilitarianinterior. RPO'shadsortingtables,pigeonholes,andmailbagrackssoclerkscouldworkthemailasthe cartraveled. Somerailwaysfittedboxcarswithsteamlinessotheycouldtravelinpassengertrains,and expressrefrigeratorcarsweresimi larlyequipped. BaggageCar equippedfor manned operation RailwayPost OfficeCar Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 4of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS-continued BoxCar through- baggage service Combines: Combinationcarswereusedwheretrafficwaslightenoughthatafullcarofthattypewasan unnecessaryexpense.Thetwomostcommonwerelikelythebaggage/coach,oftenusedon branchmixeds,andthebaggage/RPOwherehalfthecarwasgiventosortingmail,andtheother tobaggageandexpress.Mostlyduringthestreamlinedera,manylongdistancetrainscarrieda baggage/dormitorycombine,whichprovidedsleepingbunksandshowersforthetrain'shotelstaff. DuringtheGreatDepression,astraveldecreasedmanyfullcarsweremodifiedtoprovidetwo services:e.g.:diner/lounge,sle eperorparlorwithbuffetservice,etc. Baggage- RailwayPost Office combination car Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 5of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS-continued Baggage- Coach combination car Coaches: Duringtheheavyweightera,coacheswerequiteutilitarian.Seatingwasoftheflop-overback variety.Thoseforlongerdistancesoftenhadaseparatesmokingroomatoneend.Duringthelate 1930's,manyoldercarswereupgradedwithrecliningseatingandairconditioning.Foreconomy mindedtravelers,longdistanceallcoachtrainswereexperimentedwithaswell,examplesbeing theChicago-L.A.ElCapitan,theChicago-FloridaCityofMiami, andtheNewYork-Florida Champion. Thesewereusuallycomposedofnewstreamlinedcars,withwiderspacedseating,and largerwashroomspace.Streamlinedcarsforshorterdistan ceshadmoreseatingandless washroomspace. Heavyweight coachwith separate smoking room Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 6of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS-continued Streamlined long-distance coach Streamlined high-capacity coach DiningCars: Thebasicdiningcarfloorplanchangedlittlefromdaysofwoodequipmentuptobeginningof Amtralk/VIA. Therewasadiningroomatoneendofthecarwitheither10or12tables,andagalley attheotherendwithaside-aislepassagearoundit.Onlighterruns,dinerssometimeswere modifiedbyremovingsomeofthetablesfarthestfromthegalley.Thisspacewasusuallyfilledwith loungeseating,orparlorseats,sothecarcouldservetwofunctions.Duringthestreamlinedera, somerailroadstriedtwo-unitdinersforhigh-capacityruns.Theseusuallyhadonefullcarasa diningroom.Theothercarhadagall eyadjacenttothediningroom.Theotherhalfofthatcar mightbealounge,ordormitoryspaceforthediningcarcrew.Therewereothervariations.Most transconsprovidedsomeformofeconomymealserviceinthestreamlinedera.Thiscouldbea 111carcarriedinthecoachpartofthetrain,asopposedtothedinerwhichwasinwiththe sleepers,orsometimesaformofcombinationcar.Thefloorplansaresovariedtheyarea researchprojectinthemselves. Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 7of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS-continued Standard 10-table diningcar ParlorCars: Parlorcarshadexteriorwindowspacingsimilartocoaches,butinsidethereweretworowsoflarge chairsthatcouldswiveltoanyposition.Somecarshadadrawingroomatoneendforpassengers wantingprivacy.Onlightruns,parlorcarsoftenhadabuffetserviceaswell,whilecoach passengershadtosettleforsandwichesfromthe"newsbutch"whoworkedoutofthebaggage car. Parlorcar witha drawing room Sheet#: D9e.2 Title: PASSENGER DATDATAASHEESHEETT TRAINSERVICE ©NATIONALMODELRAILROADASSOCIATION Page: 8of9 EXAMPLESOFPASSENGERTRAINCARS-continued SleepingCars: Duringtheheavyweightera,themostpopularspacewastheopensection.Thiswastwofacing seats.Atnight,thecushionswerepulledtogethertoformthelowerberth,andanupperberth foldedoutoftheceiling.Curtainrodsandcurtains,carriedintheupper,werethenhungbythe portertoprovideprivacy.Themostcommonfloorplanwasthe12-section,1drawingroomcar,but the14-sectioncarwasaclosesecond.Forlongertrips,wheremorepassengerswantedprivate space,combinationsofsections,drawingrooms,andcompartmentswereused,suchas8-section, 1drawingroom,2compartme nt.Therewereseveralfullroomplansaswell. Duringthe'30's,asthestreamlinederabegan,allroomcarsbecamethenorm.Whilefullroomette carsandfullbedroomcarsweredeveloped,themostpopularbecametheI0-roomette,6-bedroom sleeper.Onlongdistanceruns,wheresomepassengersstilllikedtheeconomyofaberth,a varietyofmulti-spacefloorplanswereproduced,usuallyincludingsections,bedrooms,and roomettes(orthesmallerduplex-roomette). Standard heavyweight 12and1 sleeper Streamlined 10and6 sleeper Sheet#: