Palestinian Water Authority Annual Status Report on water resources, Water Supply, and Wastewater in the Occupied State of Palestine 2011 December 2012 1 Table of Contents Water Status Report 2011 Palestinian Water Authority West Bank: Al-Bireh, Al-Balo’, Baghdad St. P.O.Box 2174, Al-Bireh | Tel: +972 2 242 9022 Fax: +972 2 242 9341 Gaza: Al Rimal, Al Wehdeh St. | Tel: +972 8 283 3609 | Fax: +972 8 282 6630 WWW.PWA.PS 2 Contents Table of Contents 3 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 7 Abbreviations 8 Foreword 10 Introduction 12 Part one Water Resources 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Rainfall and recharge 16 1.2.1 Rainfall 16 1.2.2 Recharge estimate for the Season 2010/11 16 1.3 Surface water 19 1.3.1 The Jordan River 20 1.3.2 Wadis 21 1.4 Groundwater 23 1.4.1 General Overview 23 1.4.2 Well Abstractions 25 1.4.3 Springs Discharge 27 1.4.4 Water Level Fluctuation 29 1.4.5 Water Quality 30 1.5 Non-conventional water resources 32 1.5.1 Treated wastewater reuse 32 1.5.2 Desalinated water 33 1.5.3 Purchased water (Mekorot) 33 1.6 Water resources projects completed in 2011 34 Part two Water Supply 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Water supply versus water consumption 39 2.3 Water supply and demand gap 41 2.4 Water consumption 45 2.4.1 Average Water Supply Rate 45 2.4.2 Average water Consumption Rate 47 2.5 Water supply costs and tariffs 47 2.6 Water network coverage 50 2.7 Water quality 51 2.8 Water supply for agricultural purposes 54 2.9 Water supply projects completed in 2011 57 3 Water Status Report 2011 Part three Wastewater 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Wastewater resources and quantities in West Bank 65 3.3 Wastewater collection and disposal in West Bank 65 3.3.1 Urban Area 66 3.3.2 Refugee camps 67 3.3.3 Rural Area 68 3.3.4 Quantities of Wastewater 69 3.35 Treatment in Israeli WWTP’s (trans boundary streams) 71 3.3.6 Influent flowing inside West Bank (local streams) 72 3.4 Wastewater treatment in West Bank 73 3.4.1 Central Wastewater Treatment Plants 74 3.4.2 Collective Wastewater Treatment Plants 80 3.4.3 Onsite Small Scale Black Wastewater Treatment Plants 84 3.5 Wastewater Collection and Treatment in Gaza Strip 86 3.5.1 Existing wastewater treatment plants 88 3.6 Wastewater projects in 2011 90 4 List of Tables Table1 Recharge Estimates Table 2 Estimated discharge in West Bank wadis, 2010/2011 season Table3 Summary of existing water harvesting structures Table 4 Water allocation according to Oslo agreement and utilization in 201 1 Table 5 Summary of total abstraction from Palestinian wells per use Table 6 Summary of 2011 Palestinian wells abstractions per aquifer,West Bank Table 7 Wastewater network coverage, Gaza Strip, 2011 Table 8 List of Water Resources Infrastructure projects in 2011 Table 9 Total Supplied Amount (for Agricultural and Domestic Uses) - Governorate Scale (MCM), 2011 Table 10 Domestic Water Supply and Consumption in the Palestinian Governorates Table 11 Supply and Demand Quantities (for 150 l/c/d) Table 12 Water Supply and Consumption Rates in the Palestinian Governorates Table 13 Population and communities served/ un-served with a water network in 2011 Table 14 Distribution of tested water sample by district, West Bank, 2011 Table 15 Water produced from local resources (wells and springs) for agricultural and non-agricultural uses per basin, 2011 Table 16 Population connected to sewage network or cesspits, by type and locality and governorate Table 17 Population connected to sewage network or by governorate Table 18 Population connected to sewage network in the urban areas Table 19 Population connected to sewage network in the refugee camps Table 20 Population connected to sewage network in the rural areas Table 21 Estimated Annual Generated Wastewater (MCM) in the West Bank governorates Table 22 The Estimated Generated Wastewater in the West Bank wadis and treated in Israel Table 23 The Estimated Generated Wastewater in the West Bank local streams and non treated Table 24 The existing central wastewater treatment plants Table 25 Daily Wastewater Flow Rates of Al-Bireh WWTP Table 26 Treated Wastewater/Effluent Characteristics - Al-Bireh WWTP, 10 April 2010 Table 27 Influent Wastewater Characteristics – Ramallah WWTP, 17 February 2008 5 Water Status Report 2011 Table 28 Treated Wastewater/Effluent Characteristics – Ramallah WWTP, 17 February 2008 Table 29 Pretreated Wastewater/Effluent Characteristics – Tulkarm WWPTP, February 2011 Table 30 Pretreated Wastewater/Effluent Characteristics – Jenin (Wadi Moqatta’, February 2011 Table 31 Pretreated Wastewater/Effluent Characteristics – Nablus West (different locations, 2011 Table 32 Existing collective wastewater treatment systems Table 33 Average Influent and Effluent Wastewater Characteristics - ‘Ein Siniya WWTP, April 2008 - January 2009 Table 34 Agencies that implemented on-site small scale black/grey wastewater treatment plants Table 35 Projection of Gaza population in Gaza Strip, PCBC, 2007 Table 36 The coverage of wastewater network all over the Governorates in Gaza Strip, 2011 Table 37 General features of wastewater production and collection in Gaza Strip. Table 38 Treatment plants in the Gaza Strip, 2011. Table 39 Wastewater projects under preparation, implementation and completed in 2011 6 List of Figures Figure 1 Rainfall contour maps for the West Bank, 2010/2011 season and long term average Figure 2 West Bank average annual rainfall Figure 3 Averages of rainfall in the Gaza Strip Figure 4 Rainfall contour maps for the Gaza Strip, 2010/2011 season and long term average Figure 5 Current utilization of Jordan River water Figure 6 Surface water catchments and wadis Figure 7 Location of wells in the West Bank Figure 8 Average annual abstraction rate from all Palestinian Wells in the West Bank Figure 9 Annual spring discharge in the West Bank Figure 10 Annual average water level in well 14-17/005, northern part of WAB Figure 11 Representative water level decline in well L/57 in Gaza Figure 12 Annual average nitrate content in selected wells in the Jordan Valley Figure 13 Annual average chloride content in selected wells in Qalqilia and Tulkarem Figure 14 Representative chloride trend graph for the Gaza Strip Figure 15 Annual quantity of domestic water purchased from Mekorot (MCM X Figure 16 Selected indicators for water supply in the Palestinian Territory Figure 17 Water supply and demand in the west Bank (MCM) Figure 18 Water supply deficit in the west Bank- Summary Figure 19 Water Supply and Demand in the Gaza Strip (MCM) Figure 20 Supply Rate versus Consumption Rate in the West Bank Governorates (2011) Figure 21 Average selling price compared to the operating costs of the main 10 WSP in the West Bank governorates, 2011 Figure 22 Distribution of tested water samples (Coliform test) by District, West Bank, 2011 Figure 23 Distribution of testes water samples, networks and resources (Coliform test) by District, West Bank, 2011 Figure 24 Nitrates in West Bank wells monitored by PWA Figure 25 Nitrates in Gaza Strip wells monitored by PWA Figure 26 Water Supply based on the water use and water source- Governorate scale (MCM) Figure 27 West Bank population connected to sewers or cesspits Figure 28 West Bank population connected to sewers or cesspits by locality type. Figure 29 Existing and Planned Wastewater Plants in the West Bank Figure 30 Existing and Planned Wastewater Plants in the Gaza Strip 7 Water Status Report 2011 Abbreviations AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Developmen t Agency) EAB Eastern Aquifer Basin EC European Commission MENA Ministry of Environmental Affairs GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Development Agency) GOI Government of Israel HSI Hydrological Service of Israel ICA Israeli Civil Administration IWSR Institutional Water Sector Review project (integral part of Sector Reform Program) IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JSC Joint Service Council JV Jordan Valley JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Jerusalem Water Undertaking LA Lower Aquifer LACS Local Aid Coordination Secretariat l/c/d liter per capita per day MCM Million Cubic Meter MCM/Y Million Cubic Meter per Year Mm millimeters MYWAS Multi-Year Water Allocation System NEAB Northeastern Aquifer Basin NGO Non-governmental Organization NWC National Water Council OSP occupied State of Palestinian OR GUT Consortium led by ORGUT Consulting AB, also including Finnish Consulting Group Ltd. and Palestinian Wastewater Engineering Group PIU Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit PNA Palestinian National Authority ppm Parts per Million PSC Project Steering Committee PWA Palestinian Water Authority PWEG Palestinian Wastewater Engineers Group RCU Reform Committee Unit RO Reform Office RSC Reform Steering Committee SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SP Service Provider 8 TOR Terms of Reference TPAT Technical, Planning and Advisory Services project (integral part of Sector Reform Program) UA Upper Aquifer USAID United Stated Agency for International Development WAB Western Aquifer Basin WB World Bank WBWD West Bank Water Department WEAP Water Evaluation and Planning WRM Water Resources Management WSSA Water Supply and Sewerage Authority WSWG Water Sector Working Group WWF World Water Forum 9 Water Status Report 2011 Froreword In the framework of the water and waste water sector reform, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) in close cooperation and coordination with Technical Planning Advisory Team (TPAT) has accomplished the Water Status Report for 2011. The main objective of this report is to address the general status of all available water in Palestinian territories for 2011 with respect to sources, supply and wastewater. The report includes three parts that reflect the water status in the State of Palestine; the first part discusses the Palestinian utilization of the available water resources in Palestine in 2011 with respect to water quantity and quality.