TORPOR INDUCING TRANSFER HABITAT FOR HUMAN STASIS TO MARS Version 1.0 NASA INNOVATIVE ADVANCED CONCEPTS (NIAC) PHASE I FINAL REPORT TORPOR INDUCING TRANSFER HABITAT FOR HUMAN STASIS TO MARS Grant Number: NNX13AP82G Prepared by J. BRADFORD, M. SCHAFFER, AND D. TALK SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) 1040 Crown Pointe Parkway, Suite 950 Atlanta, GA 30338 (770) 379-8000 Office, (770) 379-8001 Fax www.sei.aero 11 May 2014 Version 1.0 Prepared for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) 300 E. Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20546-0001 PUBLIC RELEASE IS AUTHORIZED. Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitat For Human Stasis to Mars NIAC Phase I Final Report SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... vii Foreword and Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction and Rationale .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Mars Exploration .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Hibernation and Stasis ................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.1. Types of Hibernation .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.2. Hibernation in Nature .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.3. Artificially Induced Hibernation ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.4. Latest Experimental Data ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.5. Potential Evidence Supporting Ability and Recovery: ............................................................................................. 6 3. Phase I Study Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 7 4. Medical Perspective .............................................................................................................................. 8 4.1. Rationale and Goal....................................................................................................................... 8 4.2. History .......................................................................................................................................... 8 4.2.1. Modern Usage ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 4.3. Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) ..................................................................................................... 9 4.3.1. State-of-the-Art Usage ............................................................................................................................................ 9 4.3.2. Medical Procedure ................................................................................................................................................ 10 4.3.3. Temperature and Vital Signs Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 10 4.4. Body Thermal Management Systems ........................................................................................ 11 4.4.1. Invasive ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.4.2. Non-Invasive ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.4.3. Trans Nasal Evaporative Cooling ......................................................................................................................... 11 4.4.4. Environmental ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.5. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) ................................................................................................. 12 4.5.1. Contents ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 4.5.2. Dosing .................................................................................................................................................................. 13 4.5.3. Administration ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 4.5.4. Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 4.6. Hydration Fluids ......................................................................................................................... 14 4.7. Discussions with Medical Researchers and Practitioners .......................................................... 15 4.8. Crew Support Systems ............................................................................................................... 17 4.9. Potential Medical Challenges ..................................................................................................... 18 4.9.1. Thromboembolism ................................................................................................................................................ 18 4.9.2. Bleeding ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.9.3. Infection ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.9.4. Electrolyte and Glucose Imbalances .................................................................................................................... 19 4.9.5. Fatty Liver Disease ............................................................................................................................................... 19 5. Torpor Habitat Overviews ................................................................................................................... 20 5.1. NASA Reference Habitat Design................................................................................................ 20 5.2. Torpor-Enabled Habitat Design for Zero-G Mars Mission .......................................................... 22 5.2.1. Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2.2. Size and Mass Comparison with NASA DRA 5.0 TransHab ................................................................................ 23 iii Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitat For Human Stasis to Mars NIAC Phase I Final Report SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) 5.2.3. Configuration Layout ............................................................................................................................................ 25 5.3. “Vision System” Habitat Design for Mars Missions ..................................................................... 26 5.3.1. Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 5.3.2. Size and Mass Comparison with NASA DRA 5.0 TransHab ................................................................................ 27 6. Architecture-Level Assessment ........................................................................................................... 29 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 29 6.2. NASA DRA 5.0 Mars Architecture Overview (Non-Torpor)......................................................... 29 6.2.1. Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 29 6.2.2. Mission Performance Verification