The Atlantic Council promotes constructive U.S. leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the international challenges of the 21st century. The Council embodies a nonpartisan network of leaders who aim to bring ideas to power and to give power to ideas by: • stimulating dialogue and discussion about critical international issues with a view to enriching public debate and promoting consensus on appropriate responses in the Administration, the Congress, the corporate and nonprofit sectors, and the media in the United States and among leaders in Europe, Asia and the Americas; • conducting educational and exchange programs for successor generations of U.S. leaders so that they will come to value U.S. international engagement and have the knowledge and understanding necessary to develop effective policies. U.S.-Cuban Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, Laws & Regulations Dianne E. Rennack & Mark P. Sullivan Occasional Paper March 2005 For further information about the Atlantic Council of the United States and/or its Program on International Security, please call (202) 778-4968. Information on Atlantic Council programs and publications is available on the world wide web at http://www.acus.org Requests or comments may be sent to the Atlantic Council via Internet at [email protected] 11th Floor, 1101 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................vii The Evolution of U.S. Policy .....................................................................................................vii The Component Parts of U.S.-Cuban Relations ......................................................................ix U.S. Policies, Laws & Regulations Section I: U.S. Policy Statements of the George W. Bush Administration..............................1 Remarks by President George W. Bush in Recognition of Cuban Independence Day (May 18, 2001) ................................................................................................................................5 Remarks by President George W. Bush: Toward a Democratic Cuba (July 13, 2001).......7 Remarks by President George W. Bush: Initiative for a New Cuba (May 20, 2002)..........9 Remarks by President George W. Bush: Discussion of Cuban Policy in the Rose Garden Speech (October 10, 2003)...........................................................................................13 Section II: Comprehensive Economic Sanctions.......................................................................17 Trading With the Enemy Act (October 6, 1917).....................................................................27 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (September 4, 1961).............................................................33 Arms Export Control Act (October 22, 1968) ........................................................................43 Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (July 31, 1945) ...................................................................51 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2003 (February 20, 2003) ............................................................................................................55 Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (October 28, 2000)..........................................59 Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (October 23, 1992)...............................................................75 Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (March 12, 1996) .....85 International Development Association Act (June 30, 1960)..............................................133 Inter-American Development Bank Act (August 7, 1959) ..................................................135 Bretton Woods Agreements Act Amendments, 1978 (October 10, 1978)........................137 Tariff Classification Act of 1962 (May 24, 1962)...................................................................139 Trade Act of 1974 (January 3, 1975) .......................................................................................141 Export Administration Act of 1979 (September 29, 1979)..................................................151 Food Security Act of 1985 (December 23, 1985)..................................................................155 Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (October 28, 2000)....157 Department of Commerce and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999...................165 Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (August 5, 1983) ...............................................167 United States-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (May 18, 2000) .............................175 Executive Proclamation No. 3447 (February 6, 1962) .........................................................177 Implementation of the Cuban Democracy Act (July 4, 1993).............................................179 Declaration of a National Emergency and Invocation of Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Vessels (March 1, 1996) ............181 Regulations – 31 CFR, Part 515................................................................................................183 Export Administration Regulations – 15 CFR, Part 700.......................................................267 Prohibiting International Traffic in Arms – 22 CFR, Part 126 ............................................273 Prohibiting the Importation of Arms, Ammunition, and Implements of War – 27 CFR, Part 447........................................................................................................................................277 Section III: Diplomatic Relations...............................................................................................281 Establishment of Interests Sections ........................................................................................283 Section IV: Migration ...................................................................................................................285 Cuban Refugee Adjustment Act of 1966 (November 2, 1966)...........................................289 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (September 30, 1996).............................................................................................................................................291 Agreement on Immigration Procedures and the Return of Cuban Nationals (December 14, 1984) ......................................................................................................................................293 Joint Communiqué on U.S.-Cuba Immigration Agreement (September 9, 1994) ...........297 Joint Statement on U.S.-Cuba Immigration Agreement (May 2, 1995) .............................299 Section V: Guantanamo Naval Base ..........................................................................................301 Treaty Between the United States of America and Cuba, 1934 (June 9, 1934).................303 Lease to the United States by the Government of Cuba of Certain Areas of Land and Water for Naval or Coaling Stations in Guantanamo and Bahia Honda, 1903 (October 6, 1903) ........................................................................................................................................307 Lease of Coaling or Naval Stations, 1903 (February 23, 1903) ...........................................311 Section VI: U.S. Government-Sponsored Radio and Television Broadcasting to Cuba ...313 Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act (October 4, 1983) .............................................................315 Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act (February 16, 1990) ..................................................321 Requirements for Normalization Section VII: Requirements for Normalization .........................................................................327 Economic Embargo Tied to Political Changes in Cuba.......................................................328 Additional Trade Restrictions...................................................................................................329 Aid Restrictions ..........................................................................................................................330 Other Aspects of U.S.-Cuban Relations .................................................................................331 Index of Topics...................................................................................................................................333 Acronyms Guide.................................................................................................................................345 About the Authors .............................................................................................................................347 v Foreword This compendium presents the texts of the U.S. policy statements, laws and regulations (or relevant parts thereof) that govern U.S. relations with Cuba, on both the bilateral and multilateral levels. Preceding each group of documents is an analytic summary, which highlights the context, major provisions and significance of the policies, laws or regulations in question as they relate to U.S.-Cuban relations.