INSTITUTIONEN FÖR VÄRME- OCH KRAFTTEKNIK ENERGIHUSHÅLLNING TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN I LUND A REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL COMPUTER ORIENTATED ENERGY CONTROL SYSTEMS by Greg North ISSN 0282-1990 ISRN LUTMDN/TMVK--3190--SE DEPARTMENT OF HEAT AND POWER ENGINEERING LUND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 118, SE-221 00 LUND SWEDEN 2000 FOREWORD This document is a collection of data obtained from various sources that should give the reader a brief overview of the areas researched during the initial period of the author’s doctoral studies, from October 1999 to March 2000. The purpose of the document is to provide a basis for the studies by describing many different aspects of Energy Control Systems. This publication is part of the project Load Management in Buildings (Effekthushållning i byggnader) at the Division of Energy Economics and Planning, Department of Heat and Power Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. The project is financed by the Swedish Electrical Utilities Research and Development Company (Elforsk, Project Number 4083) and The Swedish Council for Building Research (Byggforskningsrådet, Project Number 19970426). Lund, April 2000 Greg North, MSc Jurek Pyrko, Assoc. Prof. [email protected] Project Leader jurek.pyrko @vok.lth.se i REPORT CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................1 1.2 REPORT OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................1 1.3 INFORMATION GATHERING..........................................................................................................2 1.4 INFORMATION PRESENTATION METHOD......................................................................................2 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE OF ENERGY .......................................................................3 2.1 TOMORROW’S ENERGY NEEDS REQUIRE INTELLIGENT NETWORKS ............................................3 2.2 FUTURE ENERGY UTILITIES.........................................................................................................4 2.3 THE FUTURE OF HOME & SMALL OFFICE E-SERVICES AND THE OPEN SERVICES GATEWAY ......7 2.4 COMMERCIAL MARKET RESEARCH ...........................................................................................11 2.5 RESIDENTIAL GATEWAYS..........................................................................................................12 2.6 HOME NETWORKING .................................................................................................................15 3 BROADBAND .............................................................................................................................17 3.1 BROADBAND FUNDAMENTALS ..................................................................................................17 3.2 MULTIMEDIA BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................19 4 WIRING AND NEW WIRE NETWORK COMMUNICATION ...........................................20 4.1 WIRE TYPES ..............................................................................................................................20 4.2 TODAY’S MODERN HOME WIRING ............................................................................................20 4.3 FUTURE-PROOFING WITH THE RIGHT WIRING...........................................................................21 4.4 ADVANCED HOME WIRING SYSTEMS FOR NEW HOUSING.........................................................22 4.5 ACCESS TECHNOLOGY ..............................................................................................................22 4.6 CURRENT NO NEW WIRE TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................23 5 RADIO FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ......................................................24 5.1 HOMERF ...................................................................................................................................24 5.2 PROXIM .....................................................................................................................................25 5.3 SHAREWAVE.............................................................................................................................25 5.4 ALATION ...................................................................................................................................25 5.5 BLUETOOTH ..............................................................................................................................25 5.6 INFRARED COMMUNICATIONS (IRDA) VERSUS BLUETOOTH .....................................................26 5.6.1 Overview of IrDA ............................................................................................................26 5.6.2 Overview of Bluetooth.....................................................................................................26 5.6.3 Data Exchange................................................................................................................27 5.6.4 LAN Access .....................................................................................................................27 5.6.5 Voice Applications ..........................................................................................................28 5.6.6 Security Issues.................................................................................................................28 5.6.7 Bluetooth and IrDA Implementation Costs .....................................................................28 5.6.8 IrDA/Bluetooth Comparison Summary ...........................................................................28 5.7 WIRELESS BROADBAND ............................................................................................................28 5.8 SOME WIRELESS NETWORKING PRODUCTS ...............................................................................29 6 PHONELINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS......................................................................30 6.1 HOMEPNA ................................................................................................................................31 6.2 TUT SYSTEMS............................................................................................................................31 6.3 EPIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................31 6.4 AVIO .........................................................................................................................................31 6.5 XDSL ........................................................................................................................................32 6.6 MOTOROLA’S DIGITAL LIVING ROOM OF THE FUTURE .............................................................32 6.7 BROADCOM CORPORATIONS HIGH-SPEED HOME NETWORKING CHIPS .....................................32 6.8 ISDN.........................................................................................................................................32 6.9 DSL...........................................................................................................................................33 7 POWERLINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (PLC) .........................................................34 ii 7.1 CEBUS ......................................................................................................................................35 7.2 INTELLON ..................................................................................................................................35 7.3 DOMOSYS..................................................................................................................................36 7.4 ITRAN ........................................................................................................................................36 7.5 ECHELON/LONWORKS ..............................................................................................................36 7.6 X-10..........................................................................................................................................36 7.7 ADAPTIVE NETWORKS...............................................................................................................37 7.8 INTELOGIS .................................................................................................................................37 7.9 METRICOM CORPORATION ........................................................................................................37 7.10 PLC AUTOMATION PROTOCOLS SUMMARY .........................................................................38 7.11 MEDIA FUSION .....................................................................................................................38 7.12 PHONEX BROADBAND CORPORATION...................................................................................41 8 ORGANISATIONS.....................................................................................................................42 8.1 OSGI.........................................................................................................................................42 8.2 THE