GOVERNMENT of CANTABRIA REGIONAL MINISTRY FOR LIVESTOCK, FISHING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR FORESTS AND NATURE CONSERVATION FORESTS DEPARTMENT Calle Rodríguez 5, 1º - Telephone 942 207 593 39002– SANTANDER FOREST EUROPE Workshop on Green Economy and Social Aspects of SFM FIELD TRIP DESCRIPTION I. MONTE CORONA FOREST The Monte Corona is a big mountain area located in the west coast of Cantabria, not far from the beaches of Comillas and Oyambre. Monte Corona is made up of several public forests (n=10) with a long tradition of forest planning in Cantabria. Brief history The Monte Corona forests were extensively deforested until the 18 th century due to the demand for wood for shipbuilding. Since then, the southern blue gum ( Eucalyptus globulus ) and the Monterrey pine ( Pinus radiata ) have changed the monte’s history. In 1859, this group of forests was one of the first to be declared of public interest in Cantabria. Planning of its forest resources, due to its productive capacity, was authorised by forest engineer Luis Calderón Punte in 1892. Natural status These forests are located on the Cantabrian seaboard, with few slopes and altitude of 0- 450 masl. The climate is humid Atlantic, with mild temperatures (14 ºC annual average) and moderate rainfall (1400 mm/year). Monte Corona is located at the medium coline belt, with no summer draughts and no likelihood of frost. The soil is mainly rendzina, lithosol and cambisol, with less presence of regosol and luvisol. Socio-economics Monte Corona forests cover part of five municipal districts (Cabezón de la Sal, Comillas, Ruiloba, Udías and Valdáliga), with a population of around 12,000 inhabitants. As in most rural areas of Europe, the population is unbalanced in respect of age - more elderly people - and gender - more men, to the detriment of women. Forest status These forests are managed by the Directorate General for Forests and Nature Conservation of the Government of Cantabria. Monte Corona forests cover a land area of 3652 ha, of which 2385 ha are populated by forests and belong to Neighbourhood Committees. The surface per species is as follows: GOVERNMENT of CANTABRIA REGIONAL MINISTRY FOR LIVESTOCK, FISHING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR FORESTS AND NATURE CONSERVATION FORESTS DEPARTMENT Calle Rodríguez 5, 1º - Telephone 942 207 593 39002– SANTANDER Tree status Surface area % (ha) Eucaliptus sp 1253.4 52.5 Pinus radiata 508.6 21.3 Mixed mass of leafy trees 409.4 17.2 Quercus robur and Q. 96.5 4.0 petraea Quercus rubra 63.5 2.7 Quercus ilex 28.4 1.2 Others 25.4 1.1 Total 2,385.2 100.0 The existing land-use planning and forest management has ensured sustainable use of the forests and pasture lands. These are among the most productive forests in Europe (12-21 m 3/ha/year). From the point of view of forest management, the plan divides the Monte Corona into the same number of sections as the public forests of which it is made up (n=10), and the latter into three types of management areas: Section A: Plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata and temporarily deforested areas. These areas will be planted with productive species. The principal aim of this area is to produce wood. Section B: Comprised of indigenous deciduous species ( Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica and Castanea sativa ) and plantations of Quercus rubra , Ptseudotsuga menziessi and Sequoia, among others. The principle aim is soil conservation and to protect nature. Section C: Areas with no tree cover, comprised of pasture lands where the principle aim is to produce pastures for livestock. The Management Plan, in force since 2005, defines the long-term guidelines for sustainable use of the forest in its General Plan . Management is based in an area control method, in high forest system for Pinus radiata and coppice system for Eucalytus sp., with rotations of 35 and 14 years, respectively. The Special Plan estimates that seven years (2005-2011), half of the rotation for eucalyptus, is sufficient to attain the planning project's aims. Currently, this instrument has been extended because the economic downturn has slowed the sale of wood, making it impossible to meet the commitments established in the Management Plan. GOVERNMENT of CANTABRIA REGIONAL MINISTRY FOR LIVESTOCK, FISHING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR FORESTS AND NATURE CONSERVATION FORESTS DEPARTMENT Calle Rodríguez 5, 1º - Telephone 942 207 593 39002– SANTANDER If the land area managed annually is taken into consideration, it is worth knowing that 72.5 ha of eucalyptus and 14.4 ha of pine are cut, which means around 17,000 m 3/year and 5,000 m 3/year, respectively. Thus, the forest generates around €500,000/year. II. OYAMBRE NATURAL PARK Oyambre was declared a Natural Park in 1988. It has an extension of 5,782.55 hectares and covers land that belongs to five municipal districts (Val de San Vicente, San Vicente de la Barquera, Valdáliga, Comillas and Udías). The Natural Park has had a Natural Resources Management Plan since 2010. The environmental areas that can be distinguished in the Natural Park are as follows: Coastal areas: The coastal areas include the cliffs and moors along the coastline, as well as the beaches and sand dune systems. Unique plant communities grow on the cliffs, heavily influenced by the immediacy of the sea and shallow soil. The most interesting formation is the Atlantic moor on the upper part of the cliffs, exposed to strong winds, where Erica vagans and formations of gorse ( Ulex europaeus ) stand out on the dry Atlantic heathlands. Other heathlands are covered in Genista hispanica sbsp. occidentalis . The two largest beaches are Merón and Oyambre. Together with a number of smaller beaches, they make up one of the Park's most characteristic landscape units. The sand dune systems support a plant community that grows exclusively in sandy, shifting soil in environments that are constantly subject to wind and the sea air. Estuaries and marshlands: There are two estuaries within the Natural Park, Ría de San Vicente de la Barquera, made up of two wetlands (the Rubín and Pombo marshes); and the Oyambre estuary, with another two wetlands (the La Rabia and Zapedo marshes). Fresh water and sea water converge in this area, which supports high diversity due to a variety of environments that range from subtidal to supratidal. Grasslands: Pasture lands predominate in these areas, interspersed with forest plantations, patches of scrub and woodlands, as well as natural hedges. All of these make up a patchwork landscape that supports communities of flora and fauna, thus ensuring the ecological connectivity of the entire area and soil permeability. GOVERNMENT of CANTABRIA REGIONAL MINISTRY FOR LIVESTOCK, FISHING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR FORESTS AND NATURE CONSERVATION FORESTS DEPARTMENT Calle Rodríguez 5, 1º - Telephone 942 207 593 39002– SANTANDER Forest areas (Monte Corona): Patches of indigenous forest grow alongside plantations of productive species. The preserved masses of leafy trees constitute a good model of Atlantic forest in transition towards medium elevations. The importance of the natural values of the area is beyond argument, but it should not be forgotten that it is an area heavily influenced by human presence that carries out considerable activity, in the more conventional primary sector as well as the tourist sector. Planning is essential to the conservation and recovery of the natural resources and the sustainable development of the municipalities that lie within the area. MONTE CORONA Europa España Santader Airport MONTE CORONA IATA CODE: SDR 43° 25' 39'' N 3° 49' 20'' W MONTE CORONA T.M. San Vicente de la Barquera Comillas T.M. Ruiloba Santillana del Mar T.M. Alfoz de Lloredo Alfoz de Lloredo T.M. Comillas Cantabria Canales Caviedes La Hoyuela T.M. Udías T.M. Reocín La Molina T.M. Valdáliga Cabezón de la Sal T.M. Cabezón de la Sal Mazcuerras T.M. Mazcuerras Reference point for geographic location CONSEJERÍA DE GANADERÍA, Sistema de referencia: ETRS-89 GOBIERNO PESCA Y DESARROLLO RURAL. Coordenadas geográficas: Coordenadas UTM: Proyección: UTM Huso 30 Norte de DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE MONTES CANTABRIA 43º20'22.9'' N X: 395025 m Escalas distitntas para cada mapa Y CONSERVACION DE LA NATURALEZA. 4º17'42.1'' W Y: 4799353 m PARQUE NATURAL DE OYAMBRE Europa España Santader Airport IATA CODE: SDR 43° 25' 39'' N 3° 49' 20'' W PARQUE NATURAL DE OYAMBRE PARQUE NATURAL DE OYAMBRE Cabo de Oyambre Faro San Vicente de Playa de Oyambre la Barquera San Vicente de la Prellezo Barquera Parque Natural de Oyambre Los Llaos Comillas T.M. San Vicente de la Barquera La Revilla T.M. Ruiloba La Acebosa T.M. Val de San Vicente T.M. Comillas El Barcenal T.M. Valdáliga Caviedes T.M. Udías Cantabria Reference point for geographic location CONSEJERÍA DE GANADERÍA, Sistema de referencia: ETRS-89 GOBIERNO PESCA Y DESARROLLO RURAL. Coordenadas geográficas: Coordenadas UTM: Proyección: UTM Huso 30 Norte de DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE MONTES CANTABRIA 43º23'30'' N X: 389078 m Escalas distitntas para cada mapa Y CONSERVACION DE LA NATURALEZA. 4º22'10'' W Y: 4805239 m.