The Missing Profiles and Co‐ Presencing : Finding a Horizon of Mutuality and Intersubjectivity for a Democratic Political Society in Husserl’s Phenomenology Author: Kondjo Brossala Diddy Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/974 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2009 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Art and Sciences Department of Philosophy The Missing Profiles and Co‐Presencing: Finding a Horizon of Mutuality and Intersubjectivity for a Democratic Political Society in Husserl’s Phenomenology A dissertation by Kondjo Brossala Diddy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor in Philosophy April, 2009 © copyright by KONDJO BROSSALA DIDDY 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… i Acknwoledgments……………………………………………………………………….. ii List of Abreviations……………………………………………………………………... iv Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Subjective Reason and the Laws of Pure Thinking ........................................ 16 1.1Natural Attitude and Phenomenological Attitude: Intentionality and the Articulation of Meaning .................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 The Reductionist views of Natural Scientism and Psychologism’s µεταβάσις εις άλλο γένος ..................................................................................................................... 32 1.3 Nomological Sciences and Logic as Theoretical Science ....................................... 49 1.4 Meaning-Intending, Meaning-Fulfilling, and the Identity of the Object ................ 62 Chapter 2: Self-Givenness of the Object and the Quest of Truth and Evidence ............... 72 2.1. Intentionality and the Articulation of Meaning in Expression............................... 73 2.2. Parts and Whole: Presence and Absence as the Paradoxical Way in Which Givenness Occurs .......................................................................................................... 93 2.3. Variation and Modalization and the Unity of Meaning ....................................... 115 Ch. 3 Transcendental Consciousness and the Structures of the World........................... 126 3.1. εποχή, Transcendental Reduction and the Universal Horizon of Consciousness 127 3.2. Time Consciousness and the Horizon of Unfulfilled Expectations ..................... 145 3.3. Transcendental Subjectivity and World Constitution .......................................... 159 Chapter 4: ........................................................................................................................ 171 Passive and Active Synthesis: The Genesis of the Truth of Predication and the Constitution of an Ethical and Political Community ...................................................... 171 4.1. Predication as a Striving Toward the Truth of Being .......................................... 173 4.2. The True and the Evident: The Authority of Things-in-Themselves .................. 185 4.3. The Foundation of the Predicative in the Pre-predicative ................................... 200 4.4. Life-World and the Paradox of the Ego ............................................................... 216 Chapter 5: Monadology, the Primordial Hereness, the Inter-Monadic, Transcendental Intersubjectivity, and the Political World ....................................................................... 234 5.1. Monadology and Primordial Hereness: Owness as the Condition of Openness .. 236 5.2. The Inter-Monadic: The Transcendental Primal I as a Transcending Ego .......... 257 5.3. The Crisis of Understanding as a Crisis of Humanity ......................................... 276 a. The Crisis of Science/Reason as a Crisis of Humanity ....................................... 276 b. The Crisis of Understanding as a Crisis of Humanity ........................................ 285 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 300 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 312 Works by Edmund Husserl’s ...................................................................................... 312 Works on Husserl and in Phenomenology .................................................................. 314 Other Works ................................................................................................................ 323 i Acknowledgments This work has received the contributions of many people to whom I would like to express my gratitude. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Maryland and California Provinces of the Society of Jesus for funding these studies. I would like to thank the New England Province of the Society of Jesus for so kindly hosting me and providing me with a hospitable and intellectually exciting environment during these studies. I would like to thank the AOC Province of the Society of Jesus for entrusting me with the mission of embarking on this journey. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Paul Harman and T. Frank Kennedy, rectors of the Jesuit Community at Boston College for their support and encouragement over the course of this work. My deepest gratitude is due to all the members of St Mary’s Hall my home for these last five years. My gratitude goes to Frank Hermann, S.J for his support to the graduate students. I am indebted to Edward O’Flaherty S.J. for his assistance in proofreading this work. My gratitude goes to James Bernauer, S.J for his many supports including the bag of Husserl’s books. My gratitude goes also to Jean-Roger Ndombi, S.J and Narcisse Nana for their gifts of books on Husserl. I would like to thank Evaristus O. Ekwueme for the philosophical discussions and technical helps. I would like to thank all my fellow Jesuit graduate students for their support. I am greatly indebted to Bill Neenan, S.J my spiritual director. He kept me safe and sane during this journey. Many thanks are due to Donat Bafuidinsoni, James Keenan, S.J, Stephen Hess, S.J, S.J, Ronald Tacelli, S.J. Many thanks are due to the African Jesuits in Boston (AJIB) for their many support and love. My special thanks are due to Evarist Baimu, Ruben Mylvaganam, Ibrahim Dayib, Lisbee Mumford, Lauren Fadely, Meghan Battle, Roger Teran, and Mr & Mrs Madtoiongue for their encouragements and support. My thanks are also due to all the workers at St Mary’s Hall. ii I would like to express my gratitude to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and to the Philosophy Department at Boston College, which I am proud to be part of these last years. My gratitude is due to Patrick Byrne the chair of the philosophy department for his support and insights. I am grateful to all my professors for a rich intellectual time. I thank my fellow graduate students for their friendship and presence. My gratitude also goes to the Fortin Memorial Foundation Summer grants for funding part of my research in Paris in the summer of 2007 and Senegal in the summer 2008. My deepest and sincere gratitude are due to the workers at the O’Neil library. I would like to thank RoseMarie DeLeo for her valuable presence, help, and insights. This work would not have come to fruition without the help and kind support of Professor Richard Cobb-Stevens who has accepted to direct it. I would like to thank him for his close reading of the text, his encouragements, suggestions, criticism and patience that has made this work what it is today. I would like to thank Professor Jeffrey Bloechl who has accepted to co-direct this work. I am eternally grateful to my mother Therese Mandyo for her love, support and investment into my intellectual growth, to my late father Brossala Diddy for his passion for intellectual discussions, to my brothers and sisters for always being there for me. My many thanks to my uncles, cousins, nephews and nieces for the joy they bring to my life. To God the Principle and End of all things, eternal gratitude iii List of Abbreviations ACPAS: Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis AL: Articles sur la logiques (1890‐1913). AMC: Autour des Méditations cartésiennes (1929‐1932): Sur l’intersubjectivité. BPP : The Basic Problems of Phenomenology CM: Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology. EJ: Experience and Judgment: Investigations in a Genealogy of Logic. FTL: Formal and Transcendental Logic. Ideas: Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. ILI: Introduction to the Logical Investigations LI: Logical Investigations PCIT: On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time PCP: Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy. SW: Shorter Works. Crisis: The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. PL: The Paris Lectures. PITC: The Phenomenology of Internal Time‐Consciousness. PI: Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität. iv Introduction The principle of all principles in Husserl’s phenomenology is that “we must go back to things themselves”, because consciousness is always consciousness of something. Such going back to things-themselves, he says, does not imply a naïve receptivity of that which is straightforwardly given in the natural world.