ISSN 1818-5614 Socioeconomic study of the Crab Bay villages of Central Malekula, Vanuatu, Volume II: Detailed findings By the Vanuatu Environment Unit IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 47 Global United Nations Pacific Regional Environment Development Environment Facility Programme Programme SPREP IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication data Socioeconomic study of the Crab Bay villages of Central Malekula, Vanuatu, Volume II : Detailed findings / by the Vanuatu Environment Unit. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2007. vi, 106 p. ; 29 cm. - (IWP-Pacific Technical report, ISSN 1818-5614 ; no.47). ISBN: 978-982-04-0370-3 1. Social surveys – Communties studies – Vanuatu, Central Malekula. 2. Social status – Demographic surveys – Vanuatu, Central Malekula. 3. Socioeconomic studies – Development – Vanuatu, Central Malekula. I. International Waters Project (IWP). II. Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). III. Vanuatu Environment Unit. IV. Title. V. Series. 307.72 This report (originally written in 2005) was produced by SPREP’s International Waters Project, which is implementing the Strategic Action Programme for the International Waters of the Pacific Small Island Developing States, with funding from the Global Environment Facility. This study was funded by the International Waters Project. The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the publisher. Cover design by SPREP's Publication Unit Editing and layout: Mark Smaalders, IWP editorial consultant SPREP PO Box 240, Apia Samoa E: [email protected] T: +685 21 929 F: +685 20 231 Website: www.sprep.org © Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Republic of Vanuatu Environment Unit, 2007 All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPREP authorises the partial reproduction of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPREP and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPREP artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. ii Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................. 1 PART I: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY .................................................................................... 3 1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.1 Survey weaknesses............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Survey sample.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Island or origin.................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Household size and structure ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.3Religious affiliation ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Information on the use of Cardiosoma crabs........................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Vernacular names for Cardiosoma.................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Places and habitats where Cardiosoma crabs are caught .................................................. 4 1.3.3 How often Cardiosoma are harvested............................................................................... 5 1.3.4 Household members who harvest Cardiosoma................................................................. 5 1.3.5 Quantity of Cardiosoma caught on each harvesting trip................................................... 5 1.3.6 How Cardiosoma are caught............................................................................................. 5 1.3.7 Duration of Cardiosoma harvesting trips.......................................................................... 5 1.3.8 Cardiosoma use and consumption .................................................................................... 6 1.3.9 Commercial sales.............................................................................................................. 6 1.3.10 Share and exchange......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.11 Number of Cardiosoma eaten by a household at a meal................................................. 6 1.3.12 Other meats in the household diet................................................................................... 6 1.3.13 Other incomes sources ....................................................................................................7 1.4 Management of Cardiosoma.................................................................................................... 7 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Sample structure..................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Village and gender .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Home island .................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Household size and structure .......................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Religious affiliation ........................................................................................................ 12 3 Information on Cardiosoma........................................................................................... 13 3.1 Vernacular names for Cardiosoma ........................................................................................ 13 3.2 Where crabs are caught.......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Habitats where Cardiosoma are caught ................................................................................. 16 3.4 Frequency of Cardiosoma harvesting .................................................................................... 16 3.4.1 Mangroves ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.4.2 Forest .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.4.3 Travel modes used when harvesting Cardiosoma........................................................... 20 3.5 Family members who harvest Cardiosoma............................................................................ 20 3.5.1 Frequency of harvest by different family members ........................................................ 21 3.6 The quantity of Cardiosoma harvested on each trip .............................................................. 23 3.7 How Cardiosoma are caught.................................................................................................. 25 3.8 Duration of Cardiosoma harvesting trips............................................................................... 27 iii 3.9 Cardiosoma harvesting & use................................................................................................ 27 3.10 Frequency of eating Cardiosoma ......................................................................................... 29 3.11 Number of Cardiosoma eaten each meal ............................................................................. 30 3.12 Other meats in the household diet........................................................................................ 32 3.13 Sales of Cardiosoma ............................................................................................................ 37 3.14 Other sources of income....................................................................................................... 38 3.16 Management of Cardiosoma................................................................................................ 44 4 Discussion........................................................................................................................ 50 4.1 Methodological lessons.......................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Lessons about the target communities ................................................................................... 51 4.3 Insights into Cardiosoma use................................................................................................. 51 4.4 Insights into village incomes.................................................................................................. 52 4.5 Management of Cardiosoma.................................................................................................. 52 PART II: SURVEY OF MANGROVE USE..................................................................