M T S The Michigan Terminal System Volume 5: System Services May 1983 | Updated September 1985 (Update 1) The University of Michigan Computing Center Ann Arbor, Michigan ***************************************************** * * * This obsoletes the April 1980 edition. * * * ***************************************************** 1 DISCLAIMER The MTS Manual is intended to represent the current state of the Michigan Terminal System (MTS), but because the system is constantly being developed, extended, and refined, sections of this volume will become obsolete. The user should refer to the Computing_________ Center______ Newsletter,__________ Computing Center Memos, and future Updates to this volume for the latest information about changes to MTS. Copyright 1983 by the Regents of the University of Michigan. Copying is permitted for nonprofit, educational use provided that (1) each repro- duction is done without alteration and (2) the volume reference and date of publication are included. Permission to republish any portions of this manual should be obtained in writing from the Director of the University of Michigan Computing Center. 2 MTS 5: System Services May 1983 Page Revised September 1985 PREFACE_______ The software developed by the Computing Center staff for the operation of the high-speed processor computer can be described as a multiprogramming supervisor that handles a number of resident, reentrant programs. Among them is a large subsystem, called MTS (Michigan Terminal System), for command interpretation, execution control, file management, and accounting maintenance. Most users interact with the computer’s resources through MTS. The MTS Manual is a series of volumes that describe in detail the facilities provided by the Michigan Terminal System. Administrative policies of the Computing Center and the physical facilities provided are described in a separate publication entitled Introduction_____________________ to the Computing________________ Center. The MTS volumes now in print are listed below. The date indicates the most recent edition of each volume; however, since volumes are updated by means of CCMemos, users should check the Memo List, copy the files *CCMEMOS or *CCPUBLICATIONS, or watch for announcements in the Computing____________________________ Center Newsletter, to ensure that their MTS volumes are fully up to date. | Volume 1: The____________________________ Michigan Terminal System, January 1984 | Volume 2: Public________________________ File Descriptions, April 1982 | Volume 3: System______________________________ Subroutine Descriptions, April 1981 | Volume 4: Terminals_____________________________ and Networks in MTS, March 1984 | Volume 5: System_______________ Services, May 1983 | Volume 6: FORTRAN______________ in MTS, October 1983 | Volume 7: PL/I___________ in MTS, September 1982 | Volume 8: LISP____________________ and SLIP in MTS, June 1976 | Volume 9: SNOBOL4______________ in MTS, September 1975 | Volume 10: BASIC____________ in MTS, December 1980 | Volume 11: Plot_______________________ Description System, August 1978 | Volume 12: PIL/2____________ in MTS, December 1974 | Volume 13: The_____________________________ Symbolic Debugging System, September 1985 | Volume 14: 360/370_________________________ Assemblers in MTS, May 1983 | Volume 15: FORMAT__________________ and TEXT360, April 1977 | Volume 16: ALGOL______________ W in MTS, September 1980 | Volume 17: Integrated__________________________ Graphics System, December 1980 | Volume 18: The___________________ MTS File Editor, August 1985 | Volume 19: Tapes______________________ and Floppy Disks, February 1983 Other volumes are in preparation. The numerical order of the volumes does not necessarily reflect the chronological order of their appearance; however, in general, the higher the number, the more specialized the volume. Volume 1, for example, introduces the user to 3 MTS 5: System Services Page Revised September 1985 May 1983 MTS and describes in general the MTS operating system, while Volume 10 deals exclusively with BASIC. The attempt to make each volume complete in itself and reasonably independent of others in the series naturally results in a certain amount of repetition. Public file descriptions, for example, may appear in more than one volume. However, this arrangement permits the user to buy only those volumes that serve his or her immediate needs. Richard A. Salisbury General Editor 4 MTS 5: System Services May 1983 PREFACE_________________________ TO REVISED VOLUME 5_ The May 1983 revision reflects the changes that have been made to MTS since the April 1980 edition. The sections "IOH," "Extensions to the Amdahl 470 Operations," and "Extensions to the System/360 Model 67 Operations" have been moved into MTS Volume 14, 360/370_________________________ Assemblers in MTS. Acknowledgments for the descriptions and programs contained in this volume are as follows: The SORT program was developed by Douglas Burr Smith to test several concepts relating to sorting algorithms and page faults in a large virtual memory environment. Additional development of both the program and the description in this volume has been done by Charles F. Engle. The dynamic loader program and its description were originally produced by Ronald J. Srodawa. Recent additions to the program and description were made by Kenneth DeJong and Pat Sherry. The linkage editor program and its description were produced by Kenneth DeJong, James Henriksen, and Pat Sherry. The object-file editor program and its description were produced by Pat Sherry. The ACCOUNTING command mode was originally developed as the program *PROJECTACCOUNT by Charles F. Engle. His continuing development of the program has led to the present version of ACCOUNTING which is described in this volume. The remainder of the descriptions in this volume were either produced by or heavily modified from other documentation by the editorial staff. 5 MTS 5: System Services May 1983 6 MTS 5: System Services May 1983 Contents________ Preface . 3 The SORT Subroutine . 57 Introduction . 57 Preface to Revised Volume 5 . 5 Return Codes . 57 The Entry Point SORT . 57 The SORT Utility Program . 11 The Entry Point SORT2 . 62 Simple Character Sorts . 13 The Entry Point SORT3 . 65 Elementary Sorting of The Entry Point SORT4 . 67 FORTRAN Output . 15 Bibliography . 71 Notation . 16 Appendix A: Collating Fields 72 The Control Statement . 17 Appendix B: Record The Mode’s Description . 18 Structures . 77 The Collating Sequence’s Appendix C: Summary of the Description . 18 Control Statement . 81 The Defined Sequences’ Descriptions . 20 The Dynamic Loader . 83 The Data Sets’ Elementary Loader Topics . 83 Descriptions . 21 Introduction . 83 The END Parameter . 25 Overview of the Loading Additional Parameters . 25 Process . 83 Restricted Parameters . 29 Structure of Optional Exits . 29 Compiler-Generated Object Exit SORTE0 . 30 Modules . 85 Exit SORTE1 . 31 Processing an Object Exit SORTE2 . 33 Module . 87 Exit SORTE3 . 35 Storage Allocation During Exit SORTE4 . 36 the Loading Process . 88 Exit SORTE5 . 37 Advanced Loader Topics . 88 Exit SORTE6 . 39 Modifying Programs in Exit SORTE7 . 40 Object-Module Form . 88 Exit SORTE8 . 40 Common-Section Processing . 93 Exit SORTE9 . 41 Pseudo-Register Processing 93 Optional Entrance . 41 Merging External Symbols . 94 Entrance SORTEA . 41 Library Processing . 95 Sort Timing Estimates . 42 Dynamic Loading . 98 Sort Optimization . 48 Initial ESD Lists and Number and Types of Low-Core Symbol Tables . .100 Collating Fields . 48 Appendix A: Entry Point Distribution of the Determination . .104 Source Data . 48 Appendix B: Loader Error Blocking Factors of Data Messages . .105 Sets . 49 Appendix C: Sample Loader Number, Type, and Map . .110 Efficiency of Exits . 49 Appendix D: Loader Record System Load . 49 Format . .113 Processing Magnetic Tapes . 50 Translator-Generated Load Statistics and Diagnostics . 51 Records . .113 Sort Examples . 52 7 MTS 5: System Services May 1983 User-Generated Load LENGTH . .184 Records . .137 MISCSAVE . .184 Library Control Records . .143 MSGSAVE . .185 NAME . .185 Virtual Memory Management . .147 NV . .185 OM . .185 The Linkage Editor . .159 ORL . .186 Linkage Editor Command SLI . .186 Language . .162 SORT . .186 General Syntax . .162 SYMSAVE . .187 Linkage Editor Commands . .164 TERSE . .187 ADD . .165 TYPE . .187 ALIAS . .165 V . .188 ATTRIBUTE . .165 VERBOSE . .188 BLAST . .166 WXTOER . .188 CLEAR . .166 Linkage Editor Example . .189 COMBINE . .167 Principles of Operation . .192 COMMENT . .167 Optimization of Object COPY . .168 Modules . .193 CSECT . .168 Optimizations DELETE . .168 Automatically Performed . .193 DISPLAY . .169 Optimizations Performed DUMP . .170 by the COMBINE Command . .195 INCLUDE . .170 Optimizations Performed LIST . .170 by the PURGE Command . .196 MAP . .172 Optimizations Obtained by MCMD . .172 the SLI Modifier . .197 MODIFY . .172 Optimizations Obtained by MTS . .174 the BC Modifier . .197 PUNCH . .174 Processing Special Records .197 PURGE . .174 Attention-Interrupt RENAME . .175 Processing . .199 REPLACE . .175 Input Conversion . .200 RETURN . .176 Output Conversion . .204 SCAN . .176 Object-Module Naming SET . .177 Conventions . .205 STOP . .178 UNLINK . .178 The Object-File Editor . .207 UPDATE . .179 Object-File Editor Command XREF . .179 Language . .212 Command Modifiers . .180 Object-File Editor A . .180 Commands . .215 BC . .181 ADD . .215 CHECK . .181 CLEAR . .215 COMSAVE . .181 CLOSE . .215 CSECT . .182 COMMENT . .216 CSECT=