Link NCA Final Report February – June 2016 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoral Livelihood zone of Miyo and Moyale woredas, Borena zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia Christine PLAZA, Link NCA Expert Link NCA Report - Borena zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia – June 2016 1 / 135 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Nutritional Causal Analysis (NCA) was undertaken with funding from ECHO and OFDA. The NCA was managed by ACF NCA Expert, Christine Plaza with support from ACF Ethiopia Deputy Country Director (Aurelie Carmeille), ACF Technical Advisors in Ethiopia (Jogie Abucejo Agbogan, Sofia Gimenez, Firehiwot Mezgebu, Dawit Bekele, Yibeltal Jemberu) and in France (Celine Sinitzsky, Fabienne Rousseau, Maud Gimenez and Alex Letzelter) who provided key information and support throughout the project. In addition, ACF NCA Unit, Marie Sardier and Blanche Mattern, provided technical guidance and support on implementing the NCA methodology. The NCA would not have been possible without the support of ACF Mega base staff including Field Coordinator, as well as HR, Finance, Logistics and Programme Departments. We would like to thanks each member of the field team for their hard work in gathering data for this survey. This study was supported by the Oromia Regional Health Bureau as well as Zonal and Woreda authorities. In addition, we would like to thanks technical experts from Zonal and Woreda Pastoral Development office, Zonal and Woreda Disaster Preparedness and Prevention offices, Zonal and Woreda Women and Children Affairs offices, Zonal and Woreda Water , Mineral and Energy offices, Zonal and Woreda Health offices, Bule Hora University, and Mercy Corps, who provided key inputs through the NCA preliminary and final workshops. Most importantly, ACF would like to thank each of the respondents who gave up their time to participate in this survey and for sharing valuable information with our team. Link NCA Report - Borena zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia – June 2016 2 / 135 TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................. 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 13 SECTION I – METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................... 14 1. WHY CONDUCT A LINK NCA ? ..................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1. Context information ........................................................................................................................................ 14 1.2. Main study objective ........................................................................................................................................ 16 1.3. Specific study objective................................................................................................................................... 16 2. THE LINK NCA METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1. Overview of the Link NCA approach ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2. Study design ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1. Initial Stakeholder Technical Workshop ........................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2. Field data collection ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3. Final Stakeholder Technical Workshop ............................................................................................................. 17 3. SAMPLING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................................ 17 3.1. Selected method and sample size calculation ....................................................................................... 17 3.2. Sampling procedure for the quantitative survey ................................................................................. 19 3.3. Sample for the qualitative study ................................................................................................................ 20 4. DATA COLLECTION METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Quantitative survey ......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1. Data collection methods ............................................................................................................................................ 21 4.1.2. Field team composition, recruitment and training....................................................................................... 21 4.1.3. Data collection ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.2. Qualitative inquiry ........................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1. Research instruments and methods .................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2. Data collection ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 4.2.3. Field team composition, recruitment and training....................................................................................... 22 4.2.4. Main challenges.............................................................................................................................................................. 22 4.3. Team structure .................................................................................................................................................. 23 5. DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 23 5.1. Initial technical expert workshop .............................................................................................................. 23 5.2. Quantitative data management and analysis ....................................................................................... 23 5.3. Qualitative data management and analysis .......................................................................................... 23 5.4. Rating hypotheses ............................................................................................................................................ 23 5.5 Final technical expert workshop ................................................................................................................. 24 6. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS TAKEN DURING THE SURVEY ........................................................................................ 24 6.1. Research ethics .................................................................................................................................................. 24 6.2. Ethical approval and inform consent ....................................................................................................... 25 6.3. SAM and severe illnesses protocol.............................................................................................................. 25 7. LIMITATIONS................................................................................................................................................................... 25 7.1. Link NCA methodology limitations ............................................................................................................ 25 7.2. Limitations encountered related to the study presented .................................................................. 25 SECTION II – LINK NCA FINDINGS ............................................................................................................. 26 1. PRELIMINARY WORKSHOP ...................................................................................................................................... 26 11. Initial causal hypotheses ...............................................................................................................................