PRODUCED FOR Chief of the Army Staff detachment Kingston (Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre) PO Box 17000 Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Army Publishing Office (APO), Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada WEBSITE CADTC Webmaster COVER PHOTO CREDIT Canadian Armed Forces Combat Camera CORRESPONDENCE All correspondence, contributions, and submissions should be sent to The Canadian Army Journal c/o the Editor at Canadian Army Detachment Kingston (Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre) PO Box 17000 Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada Telephone: 613-541-5010 ext. 2898 Fax: 613-540-8713 Email: [email protected] ISSN—1713-773X NDID—R-GL-007-000/JD-014 Print—Bilingual Tumble © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence Printed in Canada Source: Combat Camera Canada’s Professional Journal On Army Issues PATRON The Canadian Army Journal, a refereed forum of ideas and issues, is the Commander Canadian Army: official publication of the Canadian Army. This periodical is dedicated to Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre, the expression of mature professional thought and informed debate on CMM, MSC, CD the art and science of land warfare, the dissemination and discussion of doctrinal and training concepts, as well as ideas, concepts, and opinions OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE by all military personnel and those civilians with interest in such matters. Articles on related subjects such as leadership, ethics, Chief of Staff Army Strategy: technology, and military history are also invited and presented. Brigadier-General Chris C. Ayotte, CD The Canadian Army Journal is central to the intellectual health of the Canadian Army and the production of valid future concepts, doctrine, Director, Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre: Colonel Éric J. J. S. Fortin, CD and training policies. It serves as a vehicle for the continuing education and professional development of all ranks and personnel in the Canadian Army, as well as members from other environments, government EDITORIAL STAFF agencies, and academia concerned with the Canadian Army, defence, Editor-in-Chief: and security affairs. Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek, CD, Ph.D., APF DISTRIBUTION AND SUBSCRIPTION Production Manager: TheCanadian Army Journal (ISSN 1713-773X) is distributed throughout Major John R. B. Bosso, CD the Army and to select National Defence Headquarters, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force and Directorate of Information Systems Book Review Editor: Operations addresses. Mr. Peter J. G. Gizewski, M.A., M. Phil. Copies are also provided to defence-related organizations, allied armies, and members of the public and academia. Inquiries regarding EDITORIAL BOARD distribution, subscription, and change of address are to be made CALWC – Centre for Operational to [email protected]. On the Internet, visit The Canadian Research and Analysis: Army Journal at www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/canadian-army- Mr. Peter J. G. Gizewski, M.A., M. Phil. journal/army-journal-index.page. Dr. Katherine M. Banko SUBMISSION GUIDELINES Royal Military College of Canada: Dr. Michael A. Hennessy Unsolicited article manuscripts, research notes, book reviews, and points Dr. J. Craig Stone, CD of interest are welcome. Articles should be 4000–6000 words exclusive of endnotes, research notes 1000–3000 words exclusive of endnotes, book Canadian Army Doctrine and reviews 1000–1500 words, and points of interest 1000 words or less. Training Centre: Articles may be submitted in either official language. Authors must include Major John N. Rickard, CD, Ph.D. a brief biography. Authors must supply any supporting tables, charts, Mr. Richard Z. Palimaka maps, and images, and these should not be embedded in the article text. Articles may be submitted via email or regular mail. All submissions are peer reviewed and the Editor will notify contributors on the status of their submission. Further details regarding author submission guidelines are available at www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/canadian-army-journal/ army-journal-guidelines.page. DISCLAIMER Opinions expressed in the articles remain those of the author and do not represent Government of Canada, departmental or Canadian Armed Forces official policy. The doctrine, training, and other updates do not represent authority for action on that particular topic. All published material remains the copyright of The Department of National Defence and may be used with written permission from the Editor. EDITORIALS 06 Professional Discourse in the 73 Distrust, Conflict Escalation and Mitigation Canadian Army: A Call to Arms Strategies: Implications for Civil-Military Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre Cooperation Dr. Megan M. Thompson and Dr. Ritu Gill 11 Editorial Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek 85 Child Soldiers as a Complex Security Challenge: Educating for Strategic Complementarity ARTICLES Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek and Dr. Shelly Whitman 15 Developing Coup d’Oeil: Tactical Decision Games and their Training Value 103 A Learning Army: Ability Grouping for the Canadian Army Moving from Training to Education Major Matthew Rolls in the Canadian Army Darryl G. Cathcart and Lieutenant-Colonel John Joseph (Joe) Parkinson 33 Battle Group Decision Making and Related Planning Processes: Intuitive or Deliberate? An Ongoing Dialogue 115 Not Oblique Enough: The Fall of Sir Isaac Brock Colonel Howard G. Coombs and Guy St-Denis Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired) Steven K. MacBeth BIOGRAPHIES 53 A Framework to Assess the Military Ethics of Emerging Technologies 141 The Ontario Regiment Remembers Captain John Richardson: The Last Surviving Dr. Joelle B. Thorpe, Dr. Kimberly D. Girling and Dr. Alain Auger Regimental Officer from the Second World War Rod Henderson 4 THE CANADIAN ARMY JOURNAL VOLUME 18.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE TO FILE 153 Returning to Normal 174 Leading at the Edge: True Tales from Sergeant Andrew J. Lowry Canadian Police in Peacebuilding and Peacekeeping Missions Around the World 159 Commander’s Intent – A Rebuttal Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek Major Jonathan Cox 176 A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of 163 Demobilization Planning: A Case Study a Boy Soldier of Allied Logistical Challenges at the End of The Second World War Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek Sergeant Simon D. H. Wells 178 Composite Warfare: The Conduct BOOK REVIEWS of Successful Ground Force Operations in Africa 168 The Bytown Gunners: The History of Reviewed by Major Chris Buckham Ottawa’s Artillery, 1855–2015 Reviewed by Roger Sarty ARMY NEWS 172 Countering Violent Extremism and 181 Beyond The Hasty Attack: Education Terrorism: Assessing Domestic and Leadership on the Combat Team and International Strategies Commanders’ Course Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Captain Stephen Keeble James McKay Source: Combat Camera WWW.ARMY-ARMEE.FORCES.GC.CA 5 PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE IN THE CANADIAN ARMY: A CALL TO ARMS Observe constantly that all things take place by change, and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Universe loves nothing so much as to change the things which are, and to make new things like them. —Marcus Aurelius It is change, continuing change, inevitable change, that is the dominant factor in society today. No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be... Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre, CMM, MSC, CD —Isaac Asimov Even a hermit would be hard-pressed not to feel the tremors of tectonic change upon us. The sweeping forces of geopolitics, climate, technology, demographics and more, all against the backdrop of human fallibility, are transforming our world in ways hard to imagine. Our reality is not what it once was, and certainly will not be the one we envisioned for our future selves. This change is nowhere more apparent than in our security environment. Geopolitically, we are seeing the re-emergence of the spectre of great power competition. With liberal democracy already under threat with the rise of populism, including in the West, China, Russia and other authoritarian states seek its further demise, as well as to undermine the international rules-based order by sowing corruption, discontent and disorder to remake it in a way that better promotes their own model and national interests. Climate change, pandemic disease, homegrown and international extremist terrorism, population migration, weak governance, inequalities, the scarcity of resources, and truth manipulation are all posing significant security challenges. 6 THE CANADIAN ARMY JOURNAL VOLUME 18.2 FOREWORD This evolving environment will have profound impacts not just on our Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), but Canada as well. One could say that we are at a strategic inflection point. What we have done, how we have done it, and the tools and techniques we have previously used may not suffice. What does that mean for the Canadian Army (CA) which, as part of the CAF, is bound to be increasingly part of whole-of-government approaches, as one among many instruments of national power? No single individual has the answers, but collectively we must find them. As I read the last edition of the Canadian Army Journal while in COVID-19 imposed distancing, I reflected on previous generations and how they wrestled with the challenges of the day through informed debate on the pages of Canada’s previous military journals. Prior to the Second World War, as the lessons of the Great War were still fresh and social and technological change unfolded, there were ongoing deliberations on numerous topics, such as the Simonds-Burns exchange on Army mechanization. Similarly, debates on how to fight on the conventional-nuclear battlefield arose in the post-war era. I also reflected upon the utility of having a forum to conduct this reasoned debate. After a hiatus of several years, I applaud the rejuvenation of the Canadian Army Journal. Any profession worth its salt has its own forum where ideas are shared, debated and become part of its body of professional knowledge.