INSERT YOUR PICTURE(S) IN THIS CELL Southern Staffordshire Outline Water Cycle Study Final Report Stafford Borough, Lichfield District, Tamworth Borough, South Staffordshire District and Cannock Chase District Councils July 2010 Final Report 9V5955 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General Overview 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 Objectives of the Water Cycle Study 2 2 DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY 3 2.1 Overview 3 2.2 Data Collection and Guidance on the use of this Study 3 2.3 Housing Growth and Employment Trajectories 4 2.4 Flood Risk 5 2.5 Water Resources and Supply 6 2.6 Wastewater Collection and Treatment 7 2.7 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 7 2.8 Development Area Actions 8 2.9 Data Limitations 8 3 STRATEGIC ASSESSMENTS 9 3.1 Water Supply and Resources 9 3.1.1 Water Resources 9 3.1.2 Severn Trent Water Limited 12 3.1.3 South Staffordshire Water 20 3.1.4 Environment Agency 24 3.1.5 Non Residential Water Use 32 3.1.6 Canal Network 32 3.1.7 Conclusions 33 3.2 Wastewater Collection and Treatment 34 3.2.1 Introduction 34 3.2.2 Wastewater Infrastructure 35 3.2.3 STWL Generic WCS Response 36 3.2.4 Wastewater Treatment 38 3.3 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 44 3.3.1 Introduction 44 3.3.2 Directives 44 3.3.3 River Quality 45 3.3.4 Effect of Development upon Water Quality 46 3.3.5 Designated Sites 47 3.3.6 Effect of WwTWs on Water Quality 47 3.3.7 Effect of Agricultural Practices on Water Quality 47 3.4 Flood Risk 50 3.4.1 Introduction 50 3.4.2 Environment Agency Flood Maps 51 3.4.3 SFRAs 52 3.4.4 Regional Flood Risk Appraisal (RFRA) 53 3.4.5 SWMP 53 Southern Staffordshire WCS 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Final Report -i- July 2010 4 DEMAND MANAGEMENT 55 4.1 General 55 4.2 Water Usage 55 4.2.1 Metering 55 4.2.2 Leakage Control 56 4.2.3 Sustainable Housing 58 4.3 Sustainable Drainage Systems 61 4.3.1 SUDS Selection 63 4.4 Developer Contributions 71 4.4.1 Introduction 71 4.4.2 National Policy Framework 71 4.4.3 Planning Obligations and Circular 5/05 72 4.4.4 Community Infrastructure Levy 73 4.4.5 The relationship between the CIL and Planning Obligations 75 4.4.6 The Local Planning Authority 76 5 STAFFORD BOROUGH DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RESULTS 77 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 Growth and Development 77 5.2.1 Scenarios for Growth 77 5.2.2 Potential Development Sites 78 5.3 Water Resources and Water Supply 79 5.3.1 Water Resources 79 5.3.2 Water Supply 83 5.3.3 Summary 83 5.4 Wastewater Treatment and Collection 85 5.4.1 Wastewater Treatment 85 5.4.2 Wastewater Collection 90 5.4.3 Summary 90 5.5 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 92 5.5.1 Water Quality 93 5.5.2 Environmental Issues 97 5.5.3 Summary 103 5.6 Flood Risk 105 5.6.1 Fluvial Flood Risk 105 5.6.2 Surface Water Flooding 105 5.6.3 Groundwater 106 5.6.4 Canals 106 5.6.5 Reservoirs 106 5.6.6 Summary 107 5.7 Demand Management 111 5.7.1 Summary 115 5.8 Constraints Matrix 116 5.9 Recommendations 117 5.9.1 LDF Policies and Development Control Policies 117 6 LICHFIELD DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RESULTS 119 6.1 Introduction 119 6.2 Growth and Development 119 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Southern Staffordshire WCS July 2010 -ii- Final Report 6.2.1 Scenarios for Growth 119 6.2.2 Potential Development Sites 119 6.3 Water Resources and Water Supply 121 6.3.1 Water Resources 121 6.3.2 Water Supply 124 6.3.3 Summary 125 6.4 Wastewater Treatment and Collection 127 6.4.1 Wastewater Treatment 127 6.4.2 Wastewater Collection 131 6.4.3 Summary 131 6.5 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 133 6.5.1 Water Quality 134 6.5.2 Environmental Issues 138 6.5.3 Summary 139 6.6 Flood Risk 142 6.6.1 Fluvial Flood Risk 142 6.6.2 Surface Water Flooding 143 6.6.3 Groundwater 143 6.6.4 Canals 143 6.6.5 Reservoirs 143 6.6.6 Summary 144 6.7 Demand Management 148 6.7.1 Summary 150 6.8 Constraints Matrix 150 6.9 Recommendations 151 6.9.1 LDF Policies and Development Control Policies 151 7 TAMWORTH BOROUGH DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RESULTS 155 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 Growth and Development 155 7.2.1 Scenarios for Growth 155 7.2.2 Potential Development Sites 155 7.3 Water Resources and Water Supply 157 7.3.1 Water Resources 157 7.3.2 Water Supply 159 7.3.3 Summary 161 7.4 Wastewater Treatment and Collection 163 7.4.1 Wastewater Treatment 163 7.4.2 Wastewater Collection 164 7.5 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 166 7.5.1 Water Quality 166 7.5.2 Environmental Issues 167 7.5.3 Summary 168 7.6 Flood Risk 169 7.6.1 Fluvial Flood Risk 169 7.6.2 Surface Water Flooding 170 7.6.3 Groundwater 170 7.6.4 Canals 171 7.6.5 Reservoirs 171 Southern Staffordshire WCS 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Final Report -iii- July 2010 7.6.6 Summary 171 7.7 Demand Management 174 7.7.1 Summary 175 7.8 Constraints Matrix 176 7.9 Recommendations 177 7.9.1 LDF Policies and Development Control Policies 177 8 SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RESULTS 179 8.1 Introduction 179 8.2 Growth and Development 179 8.2.1 Scenarios for Growth 179 8.2.2 Potential Development Sites 179 8.3 Water Resources and Water Supply 181 8.3.1 Water Resources 181 8.3.2 Water Supply 185 8.3.3 Summary 187 8.4 Wastewater Treatment and Collection 189 8.4.1 Wastewater Treatment 189 8.4.2 Wastewater Collection 193 8.5 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 195 8.5.1 Water Quality 195 8.5.2 Environmental Issues 199 8.5.3 Summary 202 8.6 Flood Risk 204 8.6.1 Fluvial Flood Risk 204 8.6.2 Surface Water Flooding 205 8.6.3 Groundwater 205 8.6.4 Canals 205 8.6.5 Reservoirs 205 8.6.6 Summary 206 8.7 Demand Management 210 8.7.1 Summary 212 8.8 Constraints Matrix 212 8.9 Recommendations 213 8.9.1 LDF Policies and Development Control Policies 213 9 CANNOCK CHASE DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RESULTS 215 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 Growth and Development 215 9.2.1 Scenarios for Growth 215 9.2.2 Potential Development Sites 215 9.3 Water Resources and Water Supply 217 9.3.1 Water Supply 219 9.3.2 Summary 221 9.4 Wastewater Treatment and Collection 223 9.4.1 Wastewater Treatment 223 9.4.2 Wastewater Collection 225 9.5 Water Quality and Environmental Issues 227 9.5.1 Water Quality 227 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Southern Staffordshire WCS July 2010 -iv- Final Report 9.5.2 Environmental Issues 229 9.5.3 Summary 231 9.6 Flood Risk 232 9.6.1 Fluvial Flood Risk 232 9.6.2 Surface Water Flooding 233 9.6.3 Groundwater 233 9.6.4 Canals 234 9.6.5 Reservoirs 234 9.6.6 Summary 235 9.7 Demand Management 237 9.7.1 Summary 239 9.8 Constraints Matrix 240 9.9 Recommendations 240 9.9.1 LDF Policies and Development Control Policies 240 10 CONCLUSIONS 243 10.1 Recommendations 243 APPENDICES Appendix A - Figures Appendix B - Data Register Appendix C - CAMS Summary Appendix D - STWL Generic Response to WCSs Appendix E - SUDS Guidance Appendix F - STWL Site Specific Wastewater Treatment Analysis Appendix G - STWL Site Specific Wastewater Infrastructure Analysis Appendix H - Constraints Matrix Appendix I - Comments on Draft WCS Report and Responses Southern Staffordshire WCS 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Final Report -v- July 2010 9V5955/R00004/303671/Soli Southern Staffordshire WCS July 2010 -vi- Final Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Study Objectives This report has followed the requirements of the Environment Agency’s Water Cycle Study (WCS) guidance and the requirements of the Brief to produce an Outline WCS for the Local Authority areas of Stafford Borough, Lichfield District, Tamworth Borough, South Staffordshire District and Cannock Chase District. As such, it assesses the constraints and requirements that will arise from the scale of the proposed growth on the water infrastructure of southern Staffordshire. The Councils are in the process of preparing their Local Development Frameworks (LDFs), as required by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. To assist with the identification of the potential development sites and settlements most suitable for development, this WCS, through consultation with the Councils, the Environment Agency, Severn Trent Water Limited (STWL) and South Staffordshire Water (SSW) has identified the potential constraints to development within the region. It considers the following issues, addressing the constraints that they may pose to future development and discusses the improvements necessary to achieve the required level of development: • Water Resources; • Water Quality and Environmental Issues; • Water Supply; • Flood Risk; and • Wastewater Collection; • Demand Management • Wastewater Treatment; In addition to assisting the Councils, the WCS process also provides a benefit to the water companies by providing them with a more detailed indication of the potential development within the area.