SPACE Infra/structure infrastructure: 1. the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. plural: infrastructures hard infrastructure clover-shaped highways over city grid hard infrastructure city streets interpreted by Central Park soft, ephemeral infrastructure (marathon) using hard park infrastructure (paths) NYC Marathon in Central Park hard infrastructure (roads and bus stops), soft overlay (changing bus routes) networks of museums and churches network of gay bars network of kid sites datum: 1. a piece of information 2. a fixed starting point of a scale or operation plural: data, datums from Latin: that which is given Sagrada Família, Antoni Gaudí, Barcelona, Spain, 1883-present 172 m / 564.3 feet Torre Glòries (Torre Agbar), Jean Nouvel, Sagrada Família, Antoni Gaudí Barcelona, Spain, 2005 Barcelona, Spain, 1883-present 128.3 m / 421 feet 172 m / 564.3 feet Torre Glòries (Torre Agbar), Jean Nouvel, Barcelona, Spain, 2005 town square building waterfront bridge tree artwork art person SPACE Function “. form (ever) follows function.” "Whether it be the sweeping eagle in his flight, or the open apple- blossom, the toiling work-horse, the blithe swan, the branching oak, the winding stream at its base, the drifting clouds, over all the coursing sun, form ever follows function, and this is the law. Where function does not change, form does not change. The granite rocks, the ever- brooding hills, remain for ages; the lightning lives, comes into shape, and dies, in a twinkling. It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, of all things physical and metaphysical, of all things human and all things superhuman, of all true manifestations of the head, of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law.” Louis Sullivan, “The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered,” 1896 “All things in nature have a shape, that is to say, a form, an outward semblance, that tells us what they are, that distinguishes them from ourselves and from each other.” Louis Sullivan workhorse racehorse early Chicago skyscrapers - Louis Sullivan’s context "lying architecture" Skyscrapers referencing a Gothic cathedral? That’s just weird, right? Bourges Cathedral, France neo-Gothic neo-Gothic Woolworths Building, Cass Gilbert Tribune Tower, John Mead Howells New York, 1910-12 and Raymond Hood,Chicago, 1922-25 Fagus Factory, Walter Gropius Bauhaus, Walter Gropius Alfeld (Leine), Germany, 1911-13 Dessau, Germany, 1925-26 terra cotta details Woolworths Building, Cass Gilbert, New York, 1910-12 Glascow School Belgium Art Nouveau Vienna Secession Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb, Louis Sullivan, Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1890 Wainwright Building, Louis Sullivan, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 1891 Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1899 Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1899 Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1899 National Farmer's Bank, Louis Sullivan, Owatonna, Minnesota, USA, 1908 Merchants’ National Bank, Louis Sullivan, Grinnell, Iowa, USA, 1914 x Defensive wall demolished, creating space for the Ringstrasse,1857 Map 1858 space for the Ringstrasse medieval fortifications Ringstrasse development, 1860s-1890s neo-Gothic Greek Revival Votive Church, Heinrich von Ferstel Austrian Parliament Building, Theophil Hansen Ringstrasse, Vienna, Austria, 1854-79 Ringstrasse, Vienna, Austria, 1874-83 x neo-Gothic style Radhaus (City Hall), Friedrich von Schmidt, Vienna, Austria, 1872-93 neo-Renaissance University of Vienna, Heinrich von Ferstel, Ringstrasse, Vienna, Austria, 1877-84 x x > early modernist reaction to historicism Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x xx Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x x Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x xx Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x x Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, Austria, 1904-06 x modernist reaction to historicism AEG Turbine Factory, Peter Behrens, Berlin, Germany, 1909 modernist reaction to historicism AEG Turbine Factory, Peter Behrens, Berlin, Germany, 1909 Fagus Factory, Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, Alfeld on the Leine, Germany, 1911-13 Atelier Esders (garment factory), Auguste Perret, Paris, France, 1919 x Notre Dame du Raincy, Raincy, France, Auguste Perret, 1922 program legibility Bauhaus, Walter Groupius, Dessau, Germany, 1925-26 x cafeteria/theatre dormitory classrooms art/design studios program legibility Bauhaus, Walter Groupius, Dessau, Germany, 1925-26 dormitory administration cafeteria/theatre classrooms art/design studios program legibility Bauhaus, Walter Groupius, Dessau, Germany, 1925-26 art/design studios cafeteria/theatre administration dormitory classrooms program legibility Hilversum Town Hall, Willem Dudok, Hilversum, The Netherlands, 1921 x program legibility Hilversum Town Hall, Willem Dudok, Hilversum, The Netherlands, 1921 x program legibility Zonnestraal Sanatorium, Jan Duiker, Hilversum, The Netherlands, 1928 x x Zonnestraal Sanatorium, Jan Duiker Paimio Sanitorium, Alvar Aalto Hilversum, The Netherlands, 1928 Paimio, Finland, 1932 x x program legibility Paimio Sanitorium, Alvar Aalto, Paimio, Finland, 1932 x program legibility Paimio Sanitorium, Alvar Aalto, Paimio, Finland, 1932 x program legibility Paimio Sanitorium, Alvar Aalto, Paimio, Finland, 1932 x x program legibility La Tourette, Le Corbusier and Iannis Xenakis, near Lyon, France, 1956-60 library oratory monk cells refectory/ dining room sanctuary sacristy program legibility La Tourette, Le Corbusier and Iannis Xenakis, near Lyon, France, 1956-60 monk cells oratory library sacristy sanctuary refectory program legibility Woodwards Building, Henriquez Architects, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2006-09 (original Woodwards 1903) market-rate housing low income family housing x x single room occupancy housing (SR0s) non-profit offices SFU commercial program legibility Living Shangri-La, James Cheng, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2005-08 apartments (balconies) hotel (no balconies) program legibility Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x Educatorium, OMA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1992-95 x what’s going on inside? Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x x that’s what! Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x living room (ground floor) Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 living room Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x circulation Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 Mixing Chamber Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x x Mixing Chamber Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x x Reading Room SeattleSeattle CentralCentral Library,Library, OMA,OMA, Seattle,Seattle, Washington,Washington, USA,USA, 2002-042002-04 x Reading Room Seattle Central Library, OMA, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2002-04 x what’s going on inside? IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 x x IIT Campus Plan, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1942 Mies is turning over in his grave! IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 x IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 x IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1997-2003 program opacity Villa Müller, Adolf Loos, Prague, Czech Republic, 1928-30 programs housed “appropriately” Villa Müller, Adolf Loos, Prague, Czech Republic, 1928-30.