532 BORAGINACEAE spicuously dilated and overlapping to form a bulbous base to the stem ; cymes few, the pedicels usually ascending, commonly 1-3 cm. long in fruit ; calyx-lobes oblong, mostly obtuse, 2-3 mm. long; corolla campanulate and more or less funnelform, 6-9 mm. long, the lobes oval, 2-3 mm. long; anthers oblong, 1 mm. or less long; capsule oblong-ovoid, 4-7 mm. long; seeds 1-1.5 mm. long. Wet rocks. Boreal Zones; mountains of Washington, Oregon, and northern California, north to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands and east to Alberta and Montana. Type locality : Sitka, Alaska. June-Sept. Family 132. BORAGINACEAE.* Borage Family. Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical species trees. Leaves simple, alternate, or rarely opposite or whorled, commonly entire and pubescent, hispid or setose. Flowers perfect and usually regular, in one-sided scorpioid spikes, racemes, cymes or scat- tered. Calyx commonly 5-lobed or 5-parted, usually persistent, the lobes valvate. Corolla sympetalous, regular or rarely more or less irregular, 5-lobed, sometimes crested or appendaged in the throat. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla and usually included. Ovary superior, of two 2-ovuled carpels, entire or the carpels commonly deeply 2-lobed, making it appear as of four 1-ovuled carpels; style simple, entire or 2-cleft; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit mostly of four 1 -seeded nutlets or rarely of two 2-seeded carpels. Endosperm none ; embryo straight or curved. A family of about 9S genera and 1,800 species, of world-wide distribution, but with one of the principal centers of distribution in southwestern United States. Style deeply 2-cleft or 2-parted, each branch with a capitate stigma. (Ehretioideae.) 1. Coldenia. Style entire, with a simple or obscurely lobed stigma. Ovary undivided, shallowly lobed, the style borne on its summit; stigma annular-peltate. (HeUotropioideae.) Fruit 2-lobed, each lobe splitting into 2 nutlets; stigma capped by a tuft of bristles; annuals, with solitary axillary flowers. 2. Euploca. Fruit not lobed, splitting into 4 nutlets; stigma discoid, naked; flowers in scorpioid spikes; perennials. 3. Heliotropiiim. Ovary 4-parted; style borne on the gynobase and arising between the lobes. (.Boraginoideae.) Calyx not armed with prickles and not becoming bur-like in fruit. Nutlets widely spreading in fruit, armed with barbed or hooked prickles. (Cynoglosseae.) Nutlets flat, armed on the margins with hooked bristles; slender annuals; corolla white. 4. Pectocarya. Nutlets subglobose, armed all over with barbed prickles; perennials; corolla usually blue. 5. Cynoglossum. Nutlets erect, not armed with prickles, except in Lappula and Hackelia, or minutely so in some species of Allocarya. Attachment of nutlet surrounded by a tumid annular rim, strongly convex and leaving a pit upon the flat or low-convex receptacle. (Anchuseae.) Stamens appendaged dorsally, closely crowded around the style; corolla rotate. 6. Borago. Stamens unappendaged, included within the tubular corolla. Corolla tubular-campanulate, throat campanulate-dilated, lobes short, erect or re- curved at apex. 7. Symphytum. Corolla funnelform or salverform, lobes usually elongated and spreading. Corolla-tube bent near the middle, limb slightly irregular and oblique. 8. Lycopsis. Corolla-tube straight, limb regular and not oblique. 9. Anchusa. Attachment of nutlet not surrounded by a rim and not leaving a pit on the receptacle. Receptacle flat or merely convex; nutlets attached by the base. (Lithospermeae.) Flowers blue or white. Corolla salverform, the lobes rounded and spreading. 10. Myosotis. Corolla tubular or funnelform, the lobes erect or nearly so. 11. Mertensia. Flowers yellow, bracteate; corolla-tube cylindrical, the lobes spreading. 12. Lithospermum. Receptacle conical or elongated, to which the nutlets are attached more or less laterally. iEritrichieae.) Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged and membranous. Nutlets conspicuously armed with armed prickles, and also sometimes dorsally. Annuals; pedicels erect in fruit; gynobase subulate. 13. Lappula. Perennials or biennials; pedicels recurved in fruit; gynobase broadly pyramidal. 14. Hackelia. Nutlets not armed with conspicuous prickles. Corolla white or blue, at least not bright yellow or orange, the throat usually crested. Corolla bright blue; low depresssed perennials. 15. Eritrichium. * In the concept of the species, especially in Allocarya and Cryptantha, the author has followed fairly closely the monographic treatment of Dr. I. M. Johnston. ; BORAGE FAMILY 533 Corolla white, sometimes cream-colored or pale yellow in the throat; mostly annuals. Calyx circumscissile. 16. Greeneocharis. Calyx not circumscissile, or rarely so in Plagiobothrys. Nutlets keeled on the ventral side, not grooved or if so the groove enclosing the keel; calyx and pedicels persistent. Lower leaves opposite, not forming a rosette; nutlets at- tached by a scar or groove, not carunculate, mostly erect; corolla-tube often yellowish within. 17. Allocarya. Lower leaves alternate; nutlets attached above the base to a caruncle or thickened scar, oblique or incurved; corolla white throughout. Nutlets with the caruncle borne on a stipe-like base; lowest leaves not in a rosette. 18. Echidiocarya. Nutlets with the caruncle borne in a hollow or trans- verse groove; lowest leaves mostly in a rosette. 19. Plagiobothrys. Nutlets not keeled on the ventral side, but grooved above the basal scar and attached from the scar along the ventral groove to the middle or apex; calyx and pedicels falling away with the nutlets; corolla-throat with crests; leaves all alternate. Annuals. Stems dichotomously branched; racemes with each flower in the axil of a foliaceous bract; style dilated in fruit; gynobase columnar. 20. Eremocarya. Stems branched but not dichotomously; racemes spike- like and bractless or few-bracted, rarely bracted throughout, if so, the bracts unequal; style not dilated in fruit; gynobase subulate. 21. Cryptantha. Perennials, often cespitose. 22. Oreocarya. Corolla bright yellow or orange, the throat open or inconspicuously con- stricted, not crested. 23. Amsinckia. Fruiting calyx greatly enlarged and membranous. 24. Asperugo. Calyx armed with prickles, irregular and bur-like in fruit. 25. Harpagonella. 1. COLDENIA L. Sp. PI. 125. 1753. Low herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, canescent or hispid. Leaves small, entire, usually strongly veined. Flowers small, generally white, sessile and solitary or often clustered in the axils of the leaves, 4-merous or commonly 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed into narrow segments. Corolla with a short tube, naked or scaly within ; lobes short and rounded, imbricated. Stamens 4—5, included, their filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted. Ovary 2-celled or sometimes 4-celled by the septum-like placentae, entire or 4-lobed. Fruit with a thin usually dry exocarp, separating into 4 nutlets. [Name in honor of Dr. Cadwallader Colden, Colonial Lieutenant-Governor of New York and correspondent of Linnaeus.] A genus of about 20 species, native of the western hemisphere, with one species also in the tropics of the Old World. Type species, Coldenia procumbens L. Fruit merely 4-sulcate, bearing the style in its rounded summit; stems not dichotomous; leaves not conspicuously veined; perennial, woody at base. 1. C. canescens. Fruit deeply 4-lobed, bearing the style between the lobes; stems dichotomously branched. Plants perennial, stems woody below or from a stout woody root; corolla bluish. Leaves with 4-6 rib-like veins, the surface of at least the younger ones distinctly plicate, densely white- silky pubescent, margin entire. 2. C. plicata. Leaves 3-4-veined, the veins somewhat irregular, not plicate, margin somewhat sinuate. 3. C. Palmeri. Plants annual, prostrate; corolla pink or white. 4. C. Nuttallii. 1. Coldenia canescens A. DC, Shrubby Coldenia. Fig. 4162. Coldenia canescens A. DC. Prod. 9: 559. 1845. Coldenia canescens var. subnudata I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1137. 1924. Low, much-branched shrub often forming mats, 5-15 cm. high, the older main branches woody and becoming stout and gnarled. Leaves white-tomentose with intermingling short- villous hairs, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 6-10 mm. long, plane or commonly with the entire margins revolute, longer than the petioles ; calyx 4-6 mm. long ; corolla white, 6-7 mm. long style slightly exserted above the calyx-lobes ; fruit depressed-globose, about 2 mm. wide, glabrous or sparsely hairy at the summit. Rocky ridges or benches, Lower Sonoran Zone; eastern parts of the Colorado Desert, Riverside and Im- perial Counties, California, east to Texas and south to Lower California and northern Mexico. Type locality: between Santander and Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. March-May. Coldenia canescens var. pulchella I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arnold Arb. 20: 379. 1939. Flowers larger; corolla 9-12 mm. long with the limb 5-8 mm. in diameter, blue or lavender. A local variation found in the Chocolate Mountains, Imperial County, California, and adjacent Arizona. Type locality: Kofa Mountains, Yuma County, Arizona. ; 534 BORAGINACEAE 2. Coldenia plicata (Torr.) Coville. Plicate Coldenia. Fig. 4163. Tiquilia brevifolia var. plicata Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 136. 1859. Coldenia Palmeri of S. Wats, and recent authors, not A. Gray. Coldenia plicata Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 163. 1893. Stems several from a woody base, finely and usually openly branched dichotomously, form- ing a mat or rounded tuft up to 5 dm. broad; branchlets somewhat 4-angled, rather thinly short- tomentose. Leaves broadly to narrowly obovate or sometimes ovate, narrowed to a petiole of about equal length, 5-10 mm. long, conspicuously plicate by 4-7 pairs of lateral ribs, densely white-silky pubescent on both sides, with a few scattering short-hispid hairs intermingling especially toward the entire narrowly revolute margin ; flowers clustered in the forks and at especially on the the ends of the branches ; calyx-lobes subulate, densely villous-tomentose, inside, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla blue or lavender, 4 mm. long, the limb about 2.5 mm. broad; style-branches exserted beyond the calyx-lobes ; nutlets about 1 mm.