CENSUS OF INDIA, 1951 (Madhya Pradesh) JABALPUR District Census Handbook By J. D. KERAWALLA, M.Sc. 01 the Indian Administrative Service .'>''Jpzrintendent of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh NAGPUR GoVERNMENT PRINTING, MADHYA PRADESH CONTENTS PAGE htroduction i-iii A.-General Population Tables- I. Area, Houses and Population I II. Variation in Population during fifty years 1 III. Towns and Villages classified by Population 2 IV. Towns classified by Population with Variation since 1901 3 V. Towns arranged territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes - 4 B.-Economic Tables- I. Livelihood Classes and Sub-Classes - 5-10 .. {For Total Population 11-28 II. Seco~dary Means of Llvehhood For Displaced Persons 29-46 III. Employers, Employees and Independent Workers by Industries and Services, 47-93 Divisions and Sub-Divisions. The District Index of Non-Agricultural Occupations - 94-91' C.-Household and Age (Sample) Tables- 1. Household (Size and Composition) - 98 . {For Sample Population- 99-103 II. Llvehhood Classes by Age Groups For Displaced Persons _ 104-109 III. Age and Civil Condition 110-116 IV. Age and Literacy 117-122 . {For Sample Population - 123-125 V. SIngle Year Age Returns F D' I d P or ISP ace ersons 126-128 D.-Social and Cultural Tables­ I. (i) Mother tongue 129--131 I. (ii) Bilingualism 132~133 II. Religion 134 III. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians 135 IV. Migrants 135-141 V. Displaced Persons by District of Origin and Year of Arrival in India 142-143 VI. Non-Indian Nationals 144 VII. Livelihood Classe(by Educational-Standards 145-153 E.-Summary Figures for the District and Tahsils 154-155 The Primary Census Abstract (showing Distribution of the General Population by Livelihood 156-215 Classes and Literacy, and Number of occupied houses in Villages and Wards). Table showing Distribution of Displaced Persons in Villages and Wards by Livelihood Classes 216-217 Census Abstracts of Small-scale Industries- I. Distribution of Small-scale Industrial Establishments in Villages and Wards • 218-222 II. Employment in Textile Establishments for Census Tracts 223-224 III. Employment in Non-Textile Establishments for Census Tracts 225-232 Classification of Agricultural Holdings by Size 233 Calendar of Import~nt Events in the District 233 INTRODUCTION In the past, village statistics for each district At the I 951 Censu~, the economic classification used to be printed after the Census, giving the was substituted for the classification based on population of each village and showing the dis­ religion. The people have been divided into two tribution of communities and of literate persons. broad livelihood categories, namely, the agricul­ In view of the importance of the 1951 Census, at tural classes and the non-agricultural classes which, in addition to the usual population data, There are four agricultural classes defined as valuable imformation was collected concerning below:- the social and economic life of the people, it was I. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned decided to publish a District Census Handbook and their dependants. containing the more important Census abstracts II. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly un­ and tables. owned and their dependants. There are five general population tables of the III. Cultivating labourers and their depend­ 'A' series, three economic tables of the 'B' series, ants. five household and age (sample) tables of the 'C' IV. Non-cultivating owners of land, agricul­ series, seven social and cultural tables of the 'D' tural rent receivers and their dependants. sertes and one table 'E' giving summary figures for the district and tahsils. As far as possible, these There are similarly four non-agricultural classes tables furnish district data with break-up for defined as persons including dependants who Census tracts within the district. derive their principal means of livelihood from- Certain statistics about individual villages in V. Production other than cultivation. the tahsils are contained in the Primary Census VI. Commerce. Abstract which gives the detailed distribution of VII. Transport. the population in each village according to the VIII. Other services and miscellaneous sources. economic classification of the people. It also The above eight classes have been referred to as contains particulars about the literates. A person livelihood classes. who could write a simple letter and could read one in print or manuscript was regarded as a literate Each of the above eight livelihood classes has person for purposes of the Census. been di.vided into three sub-classes with reference to the economic status as below:- The Primary Census Abstract is followed by a simple table giving distribution of the displaced (i) Self-supporting Persons; persons and their means of livelihood in the differ­ (ii) Non-earning Dependants; and ent villages of the district at the time of Census. (iii) Earning Dependants. Census statistics of the urban and rural popula­ An non-earning dependants are economically tion have a variety of important uses. They are pa%ive. They include persons perfofming house­ of considerable help in studying the economic work or other domestic or personal services for conditions, social and political changes and demo­ otber members of the same family household. graphic trends as indicated by rates of population But they do not include "unpaid family workers" growth, family characteristics, mobility of popula­ or persons who take part along with the members tion, age structure, size and composition of tbe of the family household in carrying on cultiva­ economically active population, and the like. The tion or a home industry as a family enterprise. results of such studies in comparing the conditions All earning dependants are economically semi­ and characteristics of the urban and rural people active only. Though they contribute to the in the matter of births, deaths., sex composition, carrying on of economic activities, the magnitude sanitation, levels of living, etc., would be of great of their individual contribution is deemed to be value in economic planning and development of too small to justify their description as econo· social welfare work in the State and its different mically active. Their contribution to economic parts. activity is, however, taken into account in the tabulation of data in economic table B-1I which Each district was, therefore, divided for pur­ gives details of persons having secondary means of poses of the Census into a number of rural and livelihood including the details of the earning urban tracts according to the size of the popula­ dependants. tion. Thus, for the J abalpur district, there were two urban tracts-one consisting of the All self-supporting persons are, ordinarily, Jabalpur City itself, and the other of the remain­ economically active. But there are certain classes ing towns of the district. The rural areas of the and groups which constitute an exceptiol} cO this tahsils of the Jabalpur district form separate rule. These are mentioned below:- Census tracts and are referred to in the tables as (i) All self-supporting persons of Agricultural the "Jabalpur tahsil rural", "Sihora tahsil rural" Class IV. tracts, etc. The urban tract consisting of the (ii) The following groups of self-supporting different towns other than the Jabalpur City is persons who are included in Non-Agricul­ similarly referred to as the "J abalpur district nan­ tural Class VIII, and derive their princip<ll d ty urban" tract. means of livelihood from miscellaneous 2 .. H INTRODUCTION sources (otherwise than through economic The Age (Sample) tables were prepared from the' activity): - original enumeration slips by taking a ten-per­ (a) Non-working owners of non-agricultural cent sample in accordance with the following property, instructions which were given to the Sorters (b) Pensioners and remittance holders, for taking out the sample slips from the enumeration pads:-' (c) Persons living, on cha,rity and other persons with unproductive occupa­ "Break each pad and stack the slips of the tions, and pad; and "cut" the stack as in a Card game. Place the lower portion above the upper (d) Inmates of penal institutions and asylums. portion and then deal the slips into the pigeon-holes. You should deal the slips into All activities of which the result is the produc­ the pigeon-holes in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, S, tion of useful commodities or the performance of 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively. All the time, you useful services are defined as economic activitIes. should watch the slips for the answer to This definition, however, does not include the question 6. If you come across any . slip 111 performance of domestic or personal services by which the answer to question 6 is different members of a family household to one another. from '0', deal it into tl)e pigeon-hole for The most important amongst all economic activi­ 'displaced persons'." ties is the cultivation of land and it has been treated as a category by itself. All other economic It will, therefore, be seen that the sample is not activities are regarded as falling in another cate­ a sample of the total population but is that of the gory referred to as "Industries and Services". All population excluding the displaced persons popu­ these activities are classified with reference to the lation. Separate figures for the displaced persons nature of the commodity produced or service per­ are given in the Distlict Census Handbook in all formed. According to the Indian Census Econo­ important tables. q-~ mic Classification Scheme, all industries and services are classified into ten divisions; arid these In considering the Age (Sample) tables, it is to divisions are subdivided into 88 sub-divisions. be noted that in the past it was customary to apply a smoothing formula to the actual . age Economically active persons engaged in cultiva­ returns.