JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY ALFRED REHDER JOSEPH H. FAULL AND CLARENCE E. KOBUSKI VOLUME XVI Reprinted with the permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York '968 DATES OF ISSUE No. 1, (pp. 1-143, pi. 119-128) issued January 25, 1935. No. 2, (pp. 145-271, pi. 129-139) issued April 24, 1935. No. 3, (pp. 273-365, pi. 140-154) issued July 10, 1935. No. 4, (pp. 367-483, pi. 155-165) issued October 25, 1935. Printed in U.S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDIES IN BoRAGINACEAE, X. THK BOR AGI X AC'K A K OF NORTHEASTERN SOUTH AMERICA. By /z/a» M. Johnston 1 HAXDELIODENDRON. A NEW (kxus OF SAPINDACEAE. With plate 119 and one text figure. By Alfred Rehder 65 Noil's ox SOME OF THE FUEXACEAE AMI VERBEXACEAE OF TIIK SOLO- MON ISLANDS COLLECTED ON THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM EXPEDITION, 1930-1932. With plates 120-122. By R. C. Bakhuizcn van den Brink 68 Ax ENDEMIC SOPHORA FROM RUMANIA. With plates 123 and 124 and one text figure. By Edgar Anderson 76 TUM. By Ernest J. rainier 81 THE HOSTS OF GYMNOSPORAXOUM GLOBOSUM FARE, AND THEIR RELA- TIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY. With plates 125-128 and four text figures. By /. L. MacLachlan 98 A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF EUROPEAN SPECIES OF MII.ESIA. By Lillian M. Hunter 143 STUDIES IN THE BORAGINACEAE, XI. By Iran M. Johnston 145 LORANTHACEAE COLLECTED IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS BY L. J. BRASS AND S. F. KAJEWSKI ON THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM EXPEDITION, 1930-1932. With plate 129. By B. II. Danscr 206 CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE HAMAMELIDACEAE AND THEIR PHYLO- GENETIC SIGNIFICANCE. With three text figures. By Edgar Ander- son and Karl Sax 210 CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN THE MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES OF RHOEO DISCOLOR HANCE. With plates 130 and 131. By Karl Sax 216 ELAIOPLASTS IN IRIS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY. With plates 132- 137. By Anna F. Faull 225 NOTES ON YUCCA. With plates 138 and 139. By Susan Delano McKclvey 268 THE VISIBLE STRUCTURE OF THE SECONDARY WALL AND ITS SIGNIFI- CANCE IN PHYSICAL AXD CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TR XCHEARY CELLS AND FIBERS. With plates 140-149. By /. IV. Bailey and Thomas Kerr 273 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON NUCLEAR DIFFERENTIATION IN M K ROSI'ORE DEVELOPMENT. With one text figure and plate 150. Bv Karl Sax 301 NOTES ON THE LIGNEOUS PLAXTS DESCRIBED BY LEVEILLE FROM EAST- ERN ASIA. By Alfred Rehder 311 HUODENDRON, A NEW GENUS OF STYRACACEAE, With one text figure and plates 151 and 152. By Alfred Rehder 341 STUDIES IN THEACEAE. I. EURYA SUBGEN. TERNSTROEMIOPSIS. With plate 153. By Clarence E. Kobuski 347 Two NEW SPECIES OF CRATAEGUS FROM MISSOURI. With two text figures. By Ernest J. Palmer 353 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW HYBRIDS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM. BV Edqar Anderson and Alfred Rehder ' 358 FROM JAPAN. With plate 154. By Crant I). Darker 364 THE HOSTS, LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF GYMNOSPORANGIUM CLAVIPES C. AND P. With plates 155-100. By Ivan It. Croivell ... 367 THE DISPERSAL OF VIABLE BASIDIOSPORES OF THE GYMNOSPORAN- GIUM RUSTS. With two text figures. By./. I). Mac l.achlan 411 CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR IN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS. With plates 161-164. By llally Jollirette Sax and Karl Sax 423 THE FLORA OF SAN FELIX ISLAND. With plate 165. By Ivan M. Johnston 440 SOME NEW TREES AND SHRUBS FROM MEXICO. By Alfred Rehder. 448 NEW FACTS CONCERNING CEPH AI.OSPORIUM WILT OF ELMS. By D. B. Creager 453 THE ARNOLD ARUORETCM DUKINC THK FISCAL YEAR ENDED TUNE 30, 1935; The Arboretum ; The Pathological Laboratory ; The Cyto- genetic Laboratory; The Herbarium; The Library; Bibliography of the published writing of the staff and students, Julv 1, 1934—June 30, 1935 455 STAFF OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM 1934-1935 469 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM STUDIES IN THE BORAGINACEAE, XI IVAN M. JOHNSTON CONTENTS The Species of Tournefortia and Messerschmidia in the Old World 145 Notes on Brand's Treatment of Cry New or otherwise Noteworthy Sj>e THE SPECIES treated here have, in the past, all been referred to the genus Tournefortia. I am, however, suggesting that certain of them be segregated to form the redefined genus Messerschmidia. During the work on this paper I have been privileged to examine almost all the type- specimens concerned. This has permitted me to place definitely a large number of poorly understood old species that have troubled workers in the past. The work has been undertaken as part of a projected study of the Boraginaceae-Heliotropioideae. It is the first attempt to treat all the Old World species of Tournefortia since the presentation by DeCandolle in the ninth volume of the Prodromus in 1845. Tournefortia Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 140 (1753) and Gen. PI. ed. 5, 68 (1754). The species of Tournefortia found in the Old World all belong to the following: Section EUTOURNEFORTIA Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 92: 66 (1930). — type-species, T. hirsutissima L. Tournefortia — Pittoniae Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 80 (1818). — type- 146 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETl M [VOL.XVI species, T. hirsutissima I.. Tournejortia sect. Pittonia Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 366 (1837). — type-species, T. hirsutissima L. Pittonia Plumier ex Adanson, Fam. PI. 2: 177 (1763). — type-species, T. hirsutissima I.. Oskampia Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 123 (1838). — type-species. O. scandens Raf. & O. hirsuta Raf. Tourncjortia sect. Tetrandra DeCan- dolle, Prodr. 9:527 (1845). — type-species, T. tetrandra Blume. Tetrandra (DC.) Miquel, Fl. Nederl. Ind. 2:928 (1858). — type- species, Tournejortia tetrandra Blume. The species of Eutourncjortia found in the Old World are remarkable for their parallelism of variation. Most of them have corollas with the tube either long or short, herbage with the pubescence present or absent, as well as leaf-blades that are broad or elongate. The combinations of these variations produce forms very diverse in gross appearance so that it is not at all surprising that botanists have been impressed by them and misled into giving specific names to many of them. A considera- tion of all the Old World Eutourtiejortiae and observation of the recur- rent pattern of variation among them, however, lead one to a proper estimate of the surprisingly diverse phases which they present. Like- wise, a consideration of the facts of distribution leads to a similar end. When the variations mentioned are given recognition it is found that the resulting numerous ill defined "species'' grow together over most of a common area of dispersal. When the variations mentioned are dis- counted, species may be defined that have a credible geographic range— a range that is distinct from that of the closely related species and one quite similar and familiar among species of other genera within the region. I am accordingly of the opinion that the variations noted deserve at best no more than mere formal recognition. Since, however, I do not believe that obscure tropical plants should be burdened with numerous subspecific names until some evident use for them arises, I have refrained from any attempt at formally naming the reoccurring combinations of the paralleling intraspecitic variation- described. Ripened fruit breaking up into four equal single-seeded nutlet--. these prominently ribbed on their inner surface .... 1. T. sarmentosa. Ripened fruit breaking up into two carpels which are each com- posed of two seminiferous cells and an intervening empty Flowers 4-merous 2. T. tetrandra. Flowers 5-merous. ("otitineiital plants from southern Asia (including (he Anda- JOHNSTON, STUDIES IN BORAGINACEAE, XI 147 Calyx-lobes 3-4 mm. long at anthesis, usually sub- ulate ; leaves drying more or less golden-brown beneath; Sikkim. 3. T. Hookcri. Calyx-lobes 1-2 mm. long at antbesis, linear or lanceolate. Flowers with evident pedicels 1-2 mm. lung; Madras (cf. no. 5) 4. T. Hcyncana. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Leaves abruptly long acuminate, blade more or less oval; flowers and fruit usually shortly pedicel- late; Southern Burma and the Andamans. 5. T. ovata. Leaves short-acuminate and usually not abruptly so; blades oblong to lanceolate; (lowers and fruit Western Pacific Ocean. Leaves opposite, flowers sessile; Philippines 7. T. Leaves alternate; and Papua .. Western Indian Ocean. Leaves obtuse or rounded at base, 4-11 cm. long. .0. T. pubentla. Leaves acute at base, 10-20 cm. long. Stems with minute short closely appressed brownish or golden hairs or quite glabrous; calyx very sparsely strigose, the lobes cuneate, more or less Stems with evidenl abundant loosely appressed hairs (usually more or less velvety); calyx usually distinctly hairy with the lobes more or less spreading. Sepak ovate; Reunion 11. T. arborrscrns. Sepals lanceolate; Mauritius 12. T. Bojcri. 1. Tournefortia sarmentosa Lamarck, Tab. Encyc. 1: 416 (1791); Poiret, Encyc. 5: 357 (1804). Tournefortia orirntalis R. Brown, Prod. 497 (1810); Banks & Solander, Bot. Cook's Voy. 2: 64, tab. 210 (1901). Tournefortia tetrandra var. hirsuta Blume, Bijdrag. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 845 (1826). Tournefortia sarmentosa var. hirsuta Blume ex Miquel, Fl. Ind. Batav. 2: 927 (1858), lapsus. Tournefortia hirsuta Reinwardt ex Boerlage, Hand. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 22: 487 (1899). Tournefortia Urvil- leana Chamisso, Linnaea 4: 465 (1829). Tournefortia frangulaefolia Zippel ex Spanoghe, Linnaea 15: 334 (1841 ?), in synon. Tournefortia Horsfieldii Miquel, Fl. Ind. Batav. 2:927 (1858). Tournefortia acclinis F. v. Mueller, Frag. 4: 95 (1864). Tournefortia macrophylla K. Schumann & Lauterbach, Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee 520 (1901). Tournefortia sarmentosa var. magni folia Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22(Heft 894): 1097 (1928). Tournefortia glabrifolia Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22(Heft 894): 1098 (1928). 148 JOURNAL OF THK \K\Oll> Java (o New Guinea, southward into northern Queensland and north- ward through the Celebes, Moluccas and Philippines to Formosa.