THE CHURCH IN AN AFFLUENT SOCIETY precisely because he is God and the God man who truly reveals him. {Rev. 3:14-22) II Corinthians 1.20 pictures Jesus as the 'Amen', the one who ensures D. A. Carson that all of God's promises are fulfilled, because he is himself their sum and substance. But perhaps here in Revelation 3.14, the significance of these christological titles is slanted in a different direction. Jesus Christ is the witness whose truth and faithfulness stand in marked contrast to The ancient city of Laodicea could be reached by following the Roman the faithlessness and deceit of the Laodicean church. Christ must be postal route about 40 miles SE from Philadelphia. It was built in the I true: he cannot deny himself. This fidelity both shames and threatens third century B.C. by the Seleucid king, Antiochus II, who named it I the church. after his wife, Laodice. Located on the floor of the Lycus Valley, the Moreover, (b) Jesus is the 'ruler of God's creation' (so the NIV, which city enjoyed the scenic beauty of the place where the Lycus River joins I am citing. The KJV has 'the beginning of the creation of God', because the Meander River, Mount Cadmus forming the backdrop. the Greek word for 'ruler' can also mean 'beginning'. The context shows The city of Laodicea enjoyed many natural and commercial advantages. that 'ruler' is certainly the correct translation). The Laodiceans were Its fertile valley boasted quality agriculture. In fact, the area became gross materialists; and gross materialists need to be reminded that Jesus famous for its black wool textile industry, the wool being harvested from is the ruler of creation, and not just of some ethereal spiritual realm. In a species of sheep still found in the area. Located at a crossroads, the modern terms, Jesus is the ruler of our money, our homes, our furniture, city not only became a trading centre but a large banking centre, the our cars, our hobbies; and he expects us to treat these many gifts respons­ Wall Street of Asia Minor. There was such prosperity that when an ibly, remembering that he is the ruler of all creation. God forbid that earthquake decimated much of the area, this one city, in contrast to its we should attempt to fence Christ's lordship into the enclosure of the neighbours, actually refused help from the Imperial Government. To 'merely' spiritual. this day there are inscriptions, still legible, which tell the world that this (2) The indictment, 3.15, 17. 'I know your deeds', Jesus says, 'that you citizen or that paid for such and such a building out of his own pocket. are neither cold nor hot'. This church is not accused of immorality, As if this were not enough, the city became famous for its medical school, apostasy, heresy, schism, idolatry, or bitterness; yet it receives an indict­ a school which developed a highly prized eyesalve which proved valuable ment no less damning. It is lukewarm. in alleviating various eye ailments. Just what is meant by this charge? The Laodiceans themselves would In Paul's day, the leading pastor in Laodicea was probably Archippus, understand, because the charge reflected the physical experience of son of Philemon, who lived in nearby Colossae. We know little of the everyone in the city. The city's one major problem was its water supply. early history of the church beyond that; but we discover that by the time The Lycus and Meander rivers were too dirty; and most springs in the John wrote the book of Revelation, it had degenerated into a tragic area are hot springs, full of gases and other chemicals. Yet that is what spiritual state. In contrast to the church in Philadelphia, which was the Laodiceans had to use - water from hot springs, piped in from some poor and small, the Laodician church was large and wealthy; yet the distance through twin lines of stone pipe (the remains of which can still former was spiritual and, in the letter addressed to it from the exalted be seen) to a locally built water tower. The water carried by those pipes Christ, unrebuked, while the latter was carnal and uncommended. But was so charged with impurities that it dropped much of its load in flow; before considering the sins of Laodicean believers, note carefully that the calcium carbonate gradually clogging the pipes. And yet, when the both the church in Philadelphia and the church in Laodicea were still water arrived in the homes of the city, it was still only barely drinkable. regarded by the Lord Jesus himself as bona fide churches! It was lukewarm, nauseous, tepid, rather disgusting. I turn, then, to sketching in lightly the main contents of this letter At nearby Colossae there was fresh, cold water, from the only good [3.14-21]. spring in the valley. Closer yet, Hierapolis boasted hot water, excellent (1) The self-introduction of the Saviour, 3.14. The risen and exalted • for medical baths and pools. But Laodicea enjoyed neither the hot nor Jesus introduces himself to the church in two main thrusts. (a) He is the the cold; it endured the lukewarm, the nauseous. 'Amen, the faithful and true witness'. John's Gospel shows Jesus Christ This, then, is the background of the language the Saviour chose to use. to be the witness, faithful and true, who testifies to what God is like, I do not think he is saying they are spiritually lukewarm - that is, with 16 The Banner of Truth The Church in an Affluent Society 17 some life, but not much; with some fervency, but only a little; with some faithfully, praise more devoutly, obey more whole-heartedly, than ever love for truth, but little industry. Rather, he is using language everyone before? Or do I secretly think of myself as a remarkably spiritual chap, in the Lycus Valley would understand, to tell the church that he found certainly a cut or two above my peers? them disgusting and nauseous. This church was neither refreshingly (3) The threat, 3.16. 'So, because you are lukewarm - neither hot nor pleasant, like the cool, clear waters of Colossae, nor wholesome and cold - I am about to spit you out of my mouth'. Can this be true? Is healing, like the Hierapolis hot springs. Rather, it was so nauseous the this the same Jesus of whom it is said that he loved the church and gave Lord could only just barely put up with it [3.16]. That is why Jesus himself for her? says he wishes they were either hot or cold [3.15]. He is not saying that Yes, this is the same Jesus. God has always revealed himself as God spiritual coldness is necessarily to be preferred to spiritual lukewarmness. • of all justice as well as God of all mercy; and if judgment must begin, it Such an interpretation confuses the symbol with what is symbolized. will begin \\ith the house of God, with his own people. Here the exalted What, then, is the content behind the Laodicean church's 'lukewarm­ Christ says that the Laodiceans' 'lukewarmness' is as nauseating to him ness'? The answer is provided for us in 3.18. Jesus says, 'You say, "I am as the lukewarmness of the city water supply is to them. In non-meta­ rich; I have acquired wealth and do not need a thing". But you do not phoricallanguage, their self-sufficiency, their self-complacency, is simply realize that you are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and naked'. In a word, disgusting to him. How could it be otherwise? He is the one who the sin of this church is complacent self-sufficiency. The church had suffered for them, whose redemptive work effected the Father's saving adopted the attitude of the city after the earthquake: 'I can look after purposes, who 'fleshed out' the very meaning of grace. Self-complacency myself, thank you very much'. There is no poverty of spirit, no self­ in the light of Calvary love is revolting, repulsive, nauseous. The church contrition, no brokenness, no meekness. They think they are rich, both which sinks to such depths will no longer find itself cherished and materially (like the rich fool of Luke 12.19-21), and spiritually. Yet the nourished, but spat out from the Saviour's mouth in disgust and revulsion. tragedy, and the spiritual repulsiveness, lies in their self-delusion. (4) The remedy, 3.18f. The remedy comes in two parts. (a) First, the Jesus says they are poor, spiritually bankrupt - in a city proverbial for Lord counsels the church to buy from him gold refined in the fire, white its wealth. Jesus says they are blind, devoid of spiritual vision - in a clothes to wear, and eyesalve which gives true sight. Yet this counsel, city renowned for its Phrygian eyesalve. Jesus says they are naked, like the indictment, is also full of irony, for the church is told to 'buy' spiritually shamed, wearing nothing but the rags of self-righteousness - these things. How can a church which Jesus himself has just analyzed in a city famous for its textile industry. Yet more ugly than any of these to be bankrupt buy anything? In truth, it cannot - except in the sense ironies is the greatest irony of all: this church is blissfully unaware of its that the Jews of old were encouraged by Jehovah to 'buy' wine and milk poverty, its blindness, and its nakedness. There was an unbridgeable without money and without price [Isa 55.