NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 393 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (I) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Meas- urement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Nuclear 2 2 3 Sciences — Applied Radiation — Quantum Electronics * — Electromagnetics — Time n and Frequency " — Laboratory Astrophysics — Cryogenics *. THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering and Product Standards — Weights and Measures — Invention and Innova- tion — Product Evaluation Technology — Electronic Technology — Technical Analysis — Measurement Engineering — Structures, Materials, and Life Safety 4 — Building Environment * — Technical Evaluation and Application 4 — Fire Technology. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. 2 Part of the Center for Radiation Research. a Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. 4 Part of the Center for Building Technology. , Bureau ui oiaiiuaiua i 1 1975 xJut Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry: \>0 A Bibliography of NBS Publications *3 January 1906 Through January 1973 Kenneth L. Kelly Building Environment Division Center for Building Technology Institute for Applied Technology l^t.S. National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director Issued April 1974 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kelly, Kenneth Low, 1910- Colorimetry and spectrophotometry: a bibliography of NBS publications j January 1906 through January 1973. (NBS special publication 393) Supt„ of Docs, no.: C 13.10: 393. 1. Colorimetry- -Bibliography. 2» Spectrophotom- etry- -Bibliography 0 I. United States. National Bureau of Standards. II. Title . III. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publi- cation 393. , QC100.U57 no. 393 [Z71^.C7l 389'o08s [Ol6.5 ii3 o85] 7I+-5090 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 393 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 393, 54 pages (Apr. 1974) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. 03.10:393). Price 95 cents. COLORIMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NBS PUBLICATIONS JANUARY 1906 THROUGH JANUARY 1973 Kenneth L. Kelly This bibliography of publications will serve as the key to the large amount of research into color measurement and specification, and color vision carried out by the staff of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in colorimetry and spectrophotometry. These 623 publications appeared in NBS publications and outside scientific and technical journals between January 1906 and January 1973. This material has been in constant demand by Bureau members as well as by outside individuals and organizations. The practical value of this wealth of information lies in its ready accessibility to the scientific and technical fraternity by title, by key words or by author, in the Library of Congress and in depository libraries such as large public and university libraries. A short organizational chronology of the colorimetry and spectrophotometry program is inc luded Keywords: Bibliography; color; color codes; color measurement; colorimetry; spectrophotometry; vision. 1 . INTRODUCTION 1 2 This paper lists the 623 publications on colorimetry and spectrophotometry authored by members of the staff of the National Bureau of Standards published during the years 1906 to 1973. (There were no relevant papers between 1901, the year the Bureau was founded, and 1906^. This listing, made necessary by the constant demand for this information, also contains the publications of Research Associates and Guest Workers in these fields. In addition to the chronological list^, it contains an Author^ and a Subject Index"*. The reference numbers appearing in these indexes refer to the entries in the chronological listing. A short organizational chronology of the colorimetry and spectrophotometry program is included. 2. HISTORY Soon after the founding of the Bureau of Standards in 1901^, studies in photometry and colorimetry were undertaken by members of the staff at the request of business, science and industry. The results of these studies appeared as papers in the Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards and in other scientific and technical journals. Among the projects undertaken in these formative years were those in the fields of length, electricity, spectroscopy, fibers Colorimetry - the study of color measurement, specification, designation, tolerances, blindness, color-order systems, vision. Spectrophotometry - the spectral measurement of reflecting or transmitting samples, including reduction of the data. 'See Sections 9. See Section 11 . See Section 10 . 'Name changed from Bureau of Standards (BS) to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1934. 1 and clinical thermometers in addition to the work in photometry and color imetry. The challenges to these "pioneers" were tremendous as shown by the diversity of fields studied by so few men. Standardization of colors was the field of research which attracted the 7 most interest and concern in industry as well as in the scientific community [l] . Requests for assistance in color measurement and standardization were received from the fields of cottonseed oil, margarine, butter, from glass (in signal lamps, headlights and spectacles for eye protection), to petroleum oil, turpentine, rosin, paper and textiles, from flour, sugar, eggshells, egg yolks, dyes and water to chemical solutions, paints, portland cement, tobacco, to porcelain, enamels and even blood and human skin -- the latter of concern to biologists and anthropologists. The list of authors of these papers reads like an early Who's Who in Science. Some of these men later rose through the ranks at the Bureau, while