BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 1 (1-2) z December 2010: 27-34 Petrović,D., Stešević, D. z Materials for the red book… 1 (1-2) • December 2010: 27-34 10th SFSES • 17-20 June 2010, Vlasina lake Original Article ! Materials for the red book of vascular flora of Montenegro (second contribution) Danka Petrović*, Danijela Stešević Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Petrović, D., Stešević, D.: Materials for the red book of vascular flora of Montenegro (second contribution). Biologica Nyssana, 1 (1-2), December 2010: 27-34. The first contribution to the "Material for the red book of Montenegro" was published in 2008 and it included 30 threatened taxa of vascular flora. In the mean time, new floristic surveys were undertaken and some new chorological data, that helped us to define a conservation status of some rare species, were gathered. In this paper we present 5 taxa categorized as endangered: Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link subsp. arundinacea H. Lindb., Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don fil., Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., Medicago carstiensis Jacq. and Orchis pallens L., and 4 as vulnerable: Campanula sparsa Friv. subsp. sphaerothrix (Griseb.) Hayek, Geranium subcaulescens L'Hér. ex DC, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., Polygonum maritimum L.. Key words: vascular plants, threatened taxa, red book, Montenegro Introduction (Petrović et al., 2008) and it included 30 ! threatened taxa of vascular flora. In the mean time, Up to now, systematic investigations of rare new floristic surveys were undertaken and some and endangered vascular plants of Montenegro have new chorological data, that helped us to define a never been performed. Majority of data about these conservation status of some rare species, were groups of plants are more than few decades old, not gathered. very accurate, and without information about population size, population trend, covered area. Due Material and methods to the fact it is very difficult to rely on this data and combine them with new findings and give precise The nomenclature follows Med-Checklist proposals for IUCN categorization for threatened (G r e u t e r et al., 1984-1989), and Flora Europaea species. Especially if we take into consideration the (T u t i n et al., eds., 1964-1980, 1993). Actual name fact that in last few years human impact is rapidly of the taxon is followed by synonym(s), IUCN growing. Thus, for some species, which are in old category and criteria, regional adjustment of literature sources known for only one locality, is category, estimation of population condition and its doubtfully if they are still present in our flora. This trend, causes of threats, description of taxon, habitat is particular for localities situated in the southern type, distribution in Montenegro and Europe. In part of the country, which is under the great pressure estimation of level of threat we used 3.1 version of of urbanization, known as a major man made threat IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN, to biodiversity in Montenegro (P e t r o v i ć , 2009). 2001), as well as Guidelines for using IUCN Red The first contribution to the "Material for the List categories and criteria (IUCN, 2005); while in red book of Montenegro" was published in 2008 regional adjustment of categories IUCN Regional guidelines to Red List categories and criteria 27 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 1 (1-2) z December 2010: 27-34 Petrović,D., Stešević, D. z Materials for the red book… (IUCN, 2003.) Population size is assessed by Conservation measures: Species is protected by approximate number of individual or approximate national low (Official gazetta of the Republic of area size. Causes of threats are given as descriptive, Montenegro n°26/06). Due to the fact that Long while types of threats are accorded to IUCN Ulcinj Beach has status of the Monument of Nature, standard classification (H i l t o n - T a y l o r , 2000). species is indirectly protected. Conservation measures included information about Taxon description: Perennial with very long (up to conservation status of the taxon in Montenegro, and 5m), extensively creeping rhizomes and number of for some species also a recommendation of the stout stems up to 120 cm. Leaves thick, convolute, author for need of conservation. Description of the with white waxy cuticle, up to 1 m. Inflorescence taxon comprise of general morphological features, cylindrical panicle, up to 35 cm; spikelets with 1 life form and flowering time. Literature sources on flower. Lemma coriaceous, 2-fid at apex, with hairs which we based descriptions are: T u t i n et al., eds., at base (4-5 mm). Glumes about equaling lemma. (1964/1980, 1993), J o s i f o v i ć ed. (1970-1977), Flowering time: IV-V. Life form: G rhiz Pignatti (1982). Due to the fact that Montenegro Habitat: coastal sandy dunes doesn’t have developed habitat classification, Distribution in Montenegro: In arenosis maritimis descriptive method is used. Distribution range of the ad Štoj et Ulcinj distr. Primorje (R o h l e n a , 1942), taxon on territory of Montenegro is based on Velika ulcinjska plaža (M i j o v i ć , 1994) (Fig. 1). literature data and own field observations and it is Distribution in Europe: Al, Bl, Bu, Co, Cr, †Cro, mapped on a 10 × 10 km2 UTM grid system. One Ga, Gr, Hs, It, Lu, Rm, Sa, Si, Tu (N i k o l i ć & UTM map presents distribution of 3 taxa. Symbols Topić eds. 2005; T u t i n , 1980) used are 3 colored spots and asterisk. In citations considering area of distribution in Europe, abbreviations from Flora Europaea were used, with addition of one for ex Yugoslav Republics (BH- Bosnia & Herzegovina; Cro- Croatia; Mc- Macedonia; Mne- Montenegro; Sr- Serbia; Sl- Slovenia). In the case when we reliably know that species is extinct from the locality on which it was in former time recorded, than locality is marked with (†). Non-published chorological data are marked with asterisk. The collected material is deposited in the Herbarium Collection of Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro (TGU). Results and disscusion Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link subsp. arundinacea H. Lindb. (syn. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link var. australis (Mabille) Hayek) IUCN category: EN Criteria: B2ab(iii,v) Regional adjustment of categories: Introduction is Fig. 1. Distribution map of Ammophila arenaria hardly possible because of habitat degradation. (dark grey spot), Haplophyllum patavinum (black Assessment of population and population trend: spot), Geranium subcaulescens (light grey spot). Population is decreasing. Causes of threats: Tourism development and Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don fil. urbanization that result with destruction or habitat fragmentation. According to urban planning, huge IUCN category: EN Criteria: B2ab(iii,v) hotel complexes will be built up on Long Ulcinj Regional adjustment of categories: Possible Beach. This might cause a total extinction of this introduction from neighboring areas, VU. species from the flora of Montenegro. Assessment of population and population trend: According to IUCN standard classification: 1. According to R o h l e n a (1942), this species is Habitat loss (primarily human induced): 1.3 recorded only for Nikšićke Rudine, with comment Development (1.3.3 Tourism). that it is rare. Later, species was found at the locality 28 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 1 (1-2) z December 2010: 27-34 Petrović,D., Stešević, D. z Materials for the red book… Gostilje Martinićko in Piperi, also in a poor inhabited by Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Another population. After a new road construction in the potential threat is lake’s eutrophication. same vicinity of population’s habitat, no individuals According to IUCN standard classification: 1. were recorded. Further investigations are needed in Habitat loss (primarily human induced): 1.3 order to investigate if population is completely Development (1.3.3 Tourism), 6. Land/ Water destroyed. Third locality on which Haplophyllum pollution (6.4 Other) patavinum is recorded is Grahovo polje (Daniel Conservation measures: Species is protected by Vincek, pers. comm.), but recent filed survey didn’t national low (Official register of the Republic of confirm its presence. Based on these facts we Montenegro n°26/06). estimate that population of this species in Taxon description: Perennial or biennial, stem Montenegro is decreasing. slender, creeping and rooting at the nodes, up to 30 Causes of threats: Population at Gostilje cm but usually much less. Leaves shiny, glabrous or Martinićko is threatened by urbanization. For other sparsely pubescent on lower side, suborbicular and localities no precise data are available, but considering slightly crenate, rather fleshy, petioles up to 25 cm, the fact that localities are in the vicinity of populated attached in the middle of a leaflet. Flowers in area urbanization tend to be the major threat. whorls, small, white or reddish. Fruit nearly sessile, According to IUCN standard classification: 1. with three prominent ridges. Flowering time: V-VII. Habitat loss (primarily human induced): 1.3 Life form: G rhiz Development (1.3.4 Infrastructure (road, dams, Habitat: Damp places, shallow water, often in reed power lines etc.)). vegetation belt. Conservation measures: Species is protected by Distribution in Montenegro: Ulcinj: Long Beach, national low (Official register of the Republic of brackish water near the see (leg. V. Pulević), Montenegro n°26/06). Skadarsko lake: village Gostilj, wetlands Taxon description: Perennial, stem 10-30 cm. (Hadžiablahović , 2005), Šasko lake (leg. S. Leaves alternate, basal entire, middle 3-divided, Vuksanović & D. Petrović, 2007)* (Fig. 2). lanceolate-lineare, uppermost simple or with 3 segments. Inflorescence cymose, dense, with 10-30 flowers, petals yellow, entire. Capsule 5-lobed, with scattered tuberculate glands. Flowering time: V-VI. Life form: Ch suffr.