under the sponsorship APAT of the Italian Ministry Italian Agency for Environmental for the Environment, Protection and Technical Services Land and Sea III ANNUAL REPORT ON URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Edition 2006 - Summary Legal Disclaimer The Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services, or the persons acting on its behalf, are not responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. APAT – Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 – 00144 Rome www.apat.gov.it General coordination APAT – Silvia Brini +39 06 5007 2214 [email protected] Editing and redaction APAT – Marzia Mirabile Graphic layout Cover graphics: APAT - Franco Iozzoli Cover photos: APAT - Paolo Orlandi Printing coordination APAT – Printing and Editorial Service, Publications Office Printed by I.G.E.R. srl – Viale C.T. Odescalchi, 67/a – 00147 Rome Finished printing in March 2006 INDEX 7 Introduction Metropolitan Areas 9 “Metropolitan areas – metropolitan cities: strategic planning and government of the metropolitan areas” G. Campilongo Energy, atmospheric emissions and air quality 13 “Atmospheric pollutants emissions in 103 Italian Provinces and 24 Urban areas” M. Bultrini, M. Colaiezzi, M. Faticanti, M. Pantaleoni, E. Taurino C. Serafini, A. Leonardi, M.C. Cirillo 19 “Atmospheric pollution in leading Italian agglomerations” N. Di Carlo, C. Mastrofrancesco e F. Moricci 25 “Fossil fuel substitutions with Bio-fuels and Solar-thermal power in the main polluted urban areas” G. Pino, L. Seller, M. Paolucci, R. Marceca, F. Geri, S. Venga 31 “Air quality monitoring, study on atmospheric turbulence and the simulation of pollutant dispersion in the historic centre of Bologna” V. Poluzzi, S. Ricciardelli, F. Ferrari, M. Ridolfi, S. Ruiba, P.P. Franceschi, A. Nerozzi, I. Ricciardelli, P. Rinaldi, M. Ascanelli, M. Nardino, T. Georgiadis, G. Brusasca, A. Piersanti, G.Tinarelli, R. Mazzetti, C. Rondinini Transport 41 “Mobility management” L. Bertuccio, E. Cafarelli 43 “The car fleet across the main Italian cities” G. Cattani, L. Di Matteo 49 “Public transport figures across the main Italian cities” G. Cattani, R. Bridda, D. Carbone, K. Verì 55 “ISHTAR suite application to 7 European metropolitan areas” E. Negrenti, A. Agostini, M.Lelli, P. Mudu, A. Parenti 61 “Quality of local policies for bike mobility” R. Canesi 65 “The GRACE urban transport externalities accounts framework for the integrated assessment of sustainable transport policies” C. Sessa, R. Esposito, R. Enei, A. Vendetti Water 71 “Integrated water cycles in metropolitan areas: quantitative and qualitative aspects” C. Fabiani, A. Donati, S. Salvati, G. De Gironimo, E. Licopodio. A. Penzo, R. Mamone, P. Gentiloni 89 “Instruments for evaluating of the impact caused by first flush waters in city areas” C. Fabiani, A. Donati, S. Bernabei, G. De Gironimo, D. Dell’Osso, M. Munafò, G. Cecchi 3 Local Sustainability 97 “Survey on local planning tools and monitoring of local A21 processes in the main Italian cities” P. Lucci, R. Silvaggio 107 “The GELSO database as support for collecting and monitoring good practices in sustainability, applied in fourteen metropolitan areas and in leading Italian cities” P. Franchini, I. Leoni, E. Pace 113 “Experimental implementation of the environmental balance sheet carried out by APAT.” A. Capriolo, A. Cataldo, P. Catalfo, I. Leoni, C. Matraia, A. Mazzillo, P. Testaì 117 “The Technical Board of the Italian Environmental Protection Agencies for Local Environmental Budgeting (TTI-BIL): goals and initial achievements” A. Luise, F. Gambardella, S. Luce, F. Rizzitiello 119 “Towns and cities offering services: the role of tourists in striving for greater efficiency” A. Angeli, R. Mazzà Nature and ecological networks 125 “Nature in the city: green areas and biodiversity” M. Mirabile 131 “Safeguarding biodiversity and the ecological and functional adaptation of spaces and objects within the urban environment” N. Bajo, A. Di Noi Exposure to electromagnetic and indoor pollution 135 “Electromagnetic pollution in Italian metropolitan areas” M. Logorelli 141 “Experimental evidence and environmental indoor pollution. Report: study cases and proxy indicator set” A. Lepore, M. G. Simeone, V. Ubaldi Communication and information 149 “Web environmental communication as a support for decision-making of local governments” M. Pozzetti 151 “Data analysis of PM10 in 24 Italian cities” L. Bertuccio, F.Parmagnani, M. Quatrale Soil 155 “Soil sealing and land take in urban areas” R. Barberis, A. Di Fabbio, M. Di Leginio, F. Giordano, L. Guerrieri, I. Leoni, M. Munafò, S. Viti 163 “Urban expansion in the proximity of capable faults: analyses on a national and local scale” L. Guerrieri, A.M. Blumetti, E. Brustia, A.M. Caputo, S. Poddighe, E. Vittori Local planning 171 “Strategic environmental assessment for the planning of vast area: experiences of the Province of Bologna” P. Fiorletti, G. Leone, A. Medici, S. Pranzo, M. L. Trinca, G. Vulcano 175 “Environmental policies in the new Urban Development Plan of Rome” M. Degli Effetti, 4 G.P. Rossi, M. Cafaro Impacts and responses 179 “Metropolitan disused areas: the current situation in several Italian towns” G. Sgorbati, N. Dotti, G. Campilongo, G. Ricchiuti 185 “The effects of environmental pollution on cultural heritage: the definitions of environmental air risk maps” P. Bonanni, C. Cacace, R. Daffinà, R. Gaddi, A. Giovagnoli 193 “Soil sensitivity to pollutant depositions: preliminary studies on urban areas” P. Bonanni, A. Buffoni, R. Daffinà, V. Silli 5 INTRODUCTION The primary aims of the “Annual report on urban environmental quality in Italy” present- ed here in summary form are: 1. to gather and calculate accurate information representing the true nature and evolu- tion of environmental problems in urban agglomerates; 2. to ascertain the causes behind the fact that not all cities undertake the best provisions, and identify possible barriers; 3. to present specific actions and measures aimed at overcoming these barriers and ac- quiring a general overview of what may realistically be pursued in the medium term. All of the phases of the project are fully coherent with the institutional role of the Ital- ian Environmental Agency System and are implemented in collaboration with local rep- resentatives with the awareness and knowledge that only these can have a complete un- derstanding of the outlook of the environmental situation in their territories. The report’s added value is to supply a homogeneous and harmonised information overview for the urban areas in question. The Report is intended as tool to support urban environmental management and planning, the former being essential to the quality of life of a citizen. The Agency is aware that in order to pursue these aims it must develop a relationship based on cooperation with lo- cal institutions, and it has worked with this objective in mind from its first year of activ- ity. Within the scope of encouraging active participation from local representatives, a meeting was held between the Local Councillors for the Environment and Mobility for the cities under examination and their relative provinces. Each councillor was asked to sup- ply the name of a person who was to act as a contact for operational contacts. This Agency initiative is far from being unique. The concept of urban environment has been under discussion for several years now from a technical-scientific point of view at a na- tional, international and European level. Specifically, starting at the beginning of the 90s, a strong drive towards new initiatives – conferences, magazines, books, projects, etcetera – has focused primarily on the urban environment. It was within the scope of these initiatives – implemented both from a technical-scien- tific and political-institutional point of view – that a number of choices minimizing the risk of duplicating any efforts already underway were made to maximise the value of ma- terials already in existence and to nevertheless ensure a reasonable timeframe for prod- ucts which will later be progressively increased and enriched. The connection with European and international initiatives on urban environments is dis- 7 cussed within the scope of the activities carried out as a basis of the report. The primary objective of the report is to supply the technical-scientific tools needed to understand if and how environmental information is employed in the decision making processes and the degree of integration achieved by environmental policies in sectori- al politics. The following issues are discussed in the third APAT Report on urban environmental qual- ity: Metropolitan Areas, Energy, Atmospheric emissions and air quality, Transport, Wa- ter, Local sustainability, Nature and ecological networks, Exposure to electromagnetic and indoor pollution, Communication and Information, Soil, Local Planning and Impact and re- sponses. 8 METROPOLITAN AREAS – METROPOLITAN CITIES STRATEGIC PLANNING AND GOVERNMENT OF THE METROPOLITAN AREAS G. CAMPILONGO ARPA - Environmental Protection Agency of Lombardia Region 1. GOVERNMENT OF THE METROPOLITAN AREAS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS With an increasing demographic trend, there is a tendency for the world population to settle mainly in urban areas. Urban areas are meant not only as the administrative bor- ders of a city, but also as the surrounding territory, where activities incompatible with ei- ther an unbalanced real-estate market or with new life-styles have overflown to. These involve