THE JEWELRY OF TIJERAS PUEBLO By Lucy C. Schuyler Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 15 Maxwell Museum of Anthropology MSC01, 1050, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001 www.unm.edu/~maxwell 2010 (Revised 2011) Note added November 2011 In November, 2011, five turquoise pieces that had been on display at the Albuquerque Museum of Art and History (Figure A.1) were returned to the Maxwell Museum. These pieces were not available for close examination during my study, so the exact identity of certain artifacts was uncertain (see Page 84). Once the five pieces were returned to the Maxwell Museum, the pendant listed in the report as Catalogue No. 78.67.397 was found to correspond to Catalogue No. 78.67.111, listed as “unavailable for examination.” Likewise, the pendant listed as Catalogue No. 78.67.141B was found to correspond to Catalogue No. 78.67.397. The Tijeras jewelry Excel spreadsheet and master artifact spreadsheet have been updated to reflect the new information. As a result of these revisions, the number of artifacts originally reported is overstated by one. The total collection includes 450 specimens, 390 jewelry artifacts, and 92 pendants. L.C.S. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures.................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables...................................................................................................................................vi Foreword....................................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ viii 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1 Southwest Jewelry............................................................................................................... 2 Archaeological Studies at and near Tijeras Pueblo.............................................................. 4 Methods................................................................................................................................7 2. JEWELRY AND RELATED ARTIFACTS.............................................................................. 11 Beads.................................................................................................................................. 12 Bead Size............................................................................................................... 16 Bead Blanks....................................................................................................................... 18 Buttons............................................................................................................................... 19 Pendants............................................................................................................................. 20 Pendant Size........................................................................................................... 28 Pendant Blanks...................................................................................................................30 Hairpin............................................................................................................................... 32 Bracelet Fragment.............................................................................................................. 32 Mosaic ................................................................................................................................33 Raw Material...................................................................................................................... 36 Unknown Items.................................................................................................................. 38 3. ARTIFACTS BY EXCAVATION AND PROVENIENCE...................................................... 39 Wendorf and Stubbs Excavations, 1948............................................................................ 40 Vulture Gulch.........................................................................................................40 Cedro Canyon........................................................................................................ 41 Peckham Excavation, 1968................................................................................................ 41 UNM Field School Excavations, 1970s............................................................................. 42 Room Blocks 3 and 4............................................................................................. 43 Room Block 5........................................................................................................ 50 Room Block 2........................................................................................................ 51 Room Block 1........................................................................................................ 51 Room Block 6........................................................................................................ 51 Room Block 8........................................................................................................ 51 Artifacts Recorded by Grid Positions.................................................................... 51 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page 3. ARTIFACTS BY EXCAVATION AND PROVENIENCE, continued Albuquerque Archaeological Society Excavations, 1968.................................................. 57 AS-10A.................................................................................................................. 57 AS-10B.................................................................................................................. 60 Burials ............................................................................................................................... 60 4. COMPARISONS TO OTHER SITES....................................................................................... 63 Arroyo Hondo.................................................................................................................... 63 Coconito Pueblo................................................................................................................. 64 Gran Quivira...................................................................................................................... 64 Paa-ko................................................................................................................................ 65 Pecos Pueblo...................................................................................................................... 67 Tonque Pueblo................................................................................................................... 68 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 71 REFERENCES CITED.................................................................................................................. 77 Appendix A. DETAILED METHODOLOGY.............................................................................. 83 Selection of Items.............................................................................................................. 83 Data Assembly................................................................................................................... 83 Data Additions and Revisions............................................................................................ 85 Details of the Jewelry Excel Spreadsheet.......................................................................... 87 Codes for Sorting............................................................................................................... 90 Appendix B. UNIDENTIFIED ARTIFACTS............................................................................... 93 Appendix C. COMPLETED JEWELRY VERSUS BLANKS AND RAW MATERIALS.......... 95 iv FIGURES Page 1.1. Mera sketch map of Tijeras Pueblo, showing room block designations................................... 5 1.2. Peckham’s 1968 map of Block H............................................................................................. 6 1.3. Map of Tijeras Pueblo...............................................................................................................8 1.4. Map of the main portion of Tijeras Pueblo, showing construction periods.............................. 9 1.5. AS-10A and AS-10B.............................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Tiny stone disc bead................................................................................................................ 12 2.2. Olivella whole shell bead........................................................................................................ 13 2.3. Olivella tubular bead............................................................................................................... 14 2.4. Tubular bone beads................................................................................................................. 15 2.5. Turquoise button....................................................................................................................