1 116th Congress " ! (CP: 116–9) 1st Session COMMITTEE PRINT 38–136 COMPILATION OF SPACE LAW U.S. & INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW, DOCUMENTS AND AGREEMENTS PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF HON. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, CHAIRWOMAN COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6012 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING E:\Seals\Congress.#13 COMPILATION OF SPACE LAW U.S. & INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW, DOCUMENTS AND AGREEMENTS VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING with DSKBBY8HB2PROD on dlhill 1 116th Congress " ! (CP: 116–9) 1st Session COMMITTEE PRINT 38–136 COMPILATION OF SPACE LAW U.S. & INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW, DOCUMENTS AND AGREEMENTS PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF HON. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, CHAIRWOMAN COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 38-136 WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING E:\Seals\Congress.#13 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas, Chairwoman ZOE LOFGREN, California FRANK LUCAS, Oklahoma DAN LIPINSKI, Illinois MO BROOKS, Alabama SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida AMI BERA, California RANDY WEBER, Texas LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas BRIAN BABIN, Texas HALEY STEVENS, Michigan ANDY BIGGS, Arizona KENDRA HORN, Oklahoma ROGER MARSHALL, Kansas MIKIE SHERRILL, New Jersey RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina BRAD SHERMAN, California MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas STEVE COHEN, Tennessee TROY BALDERSON, Ohio JERRY MCNERNEY, California PETE OLSON, Texas ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio PAUL TONKO, New York MICHAEL WALTZ, Florida BILL FOSTER, Illinois JIM BAIRD, Indiana DON BEYER, Virginia JAMIE HERRERA BEUTLER, Washington CHARLIE CRIST, Florida FRANCIS ROONEY, Florida SEAN CASTEN, Illinois GREGORY F. MURPHY, North Carolina BEN MCADAMS, Utah JENNIFER WEXTON, Virginia CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania (II) VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING CONTENTS Page Part 1—Federal Laws .......................................................................................... 1 Title 51—National and Commercial Space Programs .......................................... 7 Subtitle I—General .................................................................................................. 8 Subtitle II—General Program and Policy Provisions ........................................... 8 Subtitle III—Administrative Provision .................................................................. 8 Subtitle IV—Aeronautics and Space Research and Education ............................ 8 Subtitle V—Program Targeting Commercial Opportunities ................................ 8 Subtitle VI—Earth Observation ............................................................................. 8 Subtitle VII—Access to Space ................................................................................. 8 Title 42, Chapter 159—Space Exploration, Technology, and Science .................. 357 Subchapter I—Policy, Goals, and Objectives for Human Space Flight and Exploration ........................................................................................................... 359 Subchapter II—Expansion of Human Space Flight Beyond the International Space Station and Low-Earth Orbit ................................................................... 359 Subchapter III—Development and Use of Commercial Crew and Cargo Trans- portation Capabilities .......................................................................................... 359 Subchapter IV—Continuation, Support, and Evolution of the International Space Station ........................................................................................................ 359 Subchapter V—Space Shuttle Retirement and Transition .................................. 359 Subchapter VI—Earth Science ............................................................................... 359 Subchapter VII—Space Science .............................................................................. 359 Subchapter VIII—Aeronautics and Space Technology ......................................... 360 Subchapter IX—Education ...................................................................................... 360 Subchapter X—Re-Scoping and Revitalizating Institutional Capabilities .......... 360 Subchapter XI—Other Matters .............................................................................. 360 Part 2—International Treaties .......................................................................... 419 Outer Space Treaty ................................................................................................. 423 Rescue Agreement ................................................................................................... 431 Liability Convention ................................................................................................ 437 Registration Convention .......................................................................................... 447 Moon Treaty ............................................................................................................. 455 Principles of Outer Space ........................................................................................ 467 Vienna Convention on the Laws of Treaty ............................................................ 485 Part 3—Accompanying Treaties ....................................................................... 515 Bilateral Treaties ..................................................................................................... 519 International COSPAS-SARSAT Program Agreement ......................................... 529 Agreement Among the Governments Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station ................................................................................ 541 (III) VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING FOREWORD BY THE HON. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, CHAIRWOMAN On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union shocked the world by launching the first artificial satellite into space. Prior to this date, outer space had largely been the realm of science fiction. Occurring at the height of the Cold War, the launch of Sputnik made the use of outer space a reality overnight. The United States was motivated to respond with unprecedented speed. Less than a year later, in 1958, Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration as well as the predecessor of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Efforts to support the nation’s scientific en- terprise were also pushed through. A generation of engineers and scientists were born of this effort, and the lasting result has been measured not just in achievements in spaceflight, but also by a technological revolution that has driven the American economy for a half century. 1958 was also the year that the National Aeronautics and Space Act was enacted. This legislation was likely the first major national effort to create a body of space law. As the Space Race sped for- ward, it soon became clear that the nature of space travel required more than national laws to govern its conduct. In 1967 the world came together to create the Outer Space Treaty. Both the United States and the Soviet Union ratified this treaty in 1967, which was a notable legal and diplomatic achievement during the Cold War. Since the early days of the Space Race, progress in the explo- ration and utilization of outer space has come in leaps and bounds. Modern society interacts in countless (and frequently unnoticed) ways with our space economy every day. The body of space law has also grown and changed along with these developments. Today, we stand at a crossroads in the use of outer space. Com- mercial entities are poised to begin operating in unprecedented ways, including introducing regular travel to space. As commercial space activities begin to outpace the space activities of nation- states, new challenges to our space law regimes will present them- selves. It is my hope that this compilation will provide the Mem- bers of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology with a comprehensive resource as our Committee moves to address these modern challenges to space law. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Chairwoman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. (IV) VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:12 Feb 08, 2020 Jkt 038136 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\A136.XXX A136 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication could not have been possible without the time and effort put in by numerous people. Interns play an enormous role in the daily operations of the Committee, performing tasks such as providing support for hear- ings, being ‘the face’ of the Committee through greeting visitors, answering phones, relaying messages. Interns also provide research assistance, draft memorandums, and