DOCUMENTATION OF A MULTIPLE-TECHNIQUE COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PLOTTING MAJOR ION COMPOSITION OF NATURAL WATERS By L I. Briel U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 93-74 A Contribution of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program Richmond, Virginia 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ROBERT M. HIRSCH, Acting Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: Chief, Appalachian Valley-Piedmont Regional U.S. Geological Survey Aquifer-System Analysis (APRASA) Project Earth Science Information Center U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports Section 3600 West Broad Street, Room 606 Box 25286, MS 517 Richmond, VA 23230 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Introduction.................................................................. 2 Background ...................................................................... 2 Purpose and scope ................................................................. 2 General features................................................................... 3 Portability of the program ........................................................... 3 Organization of this report........................................................... 3 Acknowledgments................................................................. 4 Chapter 2. Trilinear diagrams ............................................................. 5 Piper's technique .................................................................. 5 Analysis of mixtures ............................................................... 7 Piper-diagram output from the program ................................................ 10 Chapter 3. Distinctive-pattern diagrams..................................................... 15 Stiffs technique ................................................................... 15 Stiff-diagram output from the program ................................................. 15 Chapter 4. Proportionate-area diagrams ..................................................... 20 Pie-diagram technique.............................................................. 20 Pie-diagram output from the program .................................................. 22 Chapter 5. Rectangular-coordinate diagrams ................................................. 25 X-Y diagram technique............................................................. 25 X-Y diagram output from the program ...................................:............. 25 Page layouts for X-Y diagrams .................................................... 26 Scales for X-Y diagrams ......................................................... 31 The 1:1 ratio line................................................................ 31 Optional variables on X-Y diagrams ................................................ 31 X-Y variables file............................................................... 32 Chapter 6. Value-distribution diagrams ..................................................... 33 Boxplot-diagram technique .......................................................... 33 Boxplot-diagram output from the program .............................................. 34 Displaying groups of values for one parameter ........................................ 34 Boxplot variable-selection menu ................................................... 34 Boxplot variables file ............................................................ 38 Treatment of pH on boxplot diagrams ............................................... 38 Chapter 7. Projected diagrams ............................................................ 39 Piper 3-D technique................................................................ 39 Piper 3-D diagram output from the program............................................. 40 Selection of Z-axis variable....................................................... 40 Z-axis labels file................................................................ 40 Threshold values for Z-axis variable................................................ 40 Elevation of the basal plane ....................................................... 46 Alternative perspectives.......................................................... 46 Chapter 8. Sources of input............................................................... 47 Contents and structure of the data file .................................................. 47 Column 1: the ignore-data code....................................................... 47 Data required for each sample........................................................ 47 The label variable............................................................... 48 Ionic constituents ............................................................... 48 Sample pH..................................................................... 50 Units for required variables ....................................................... 50 Optional data for each sample ........................................................ 50 Missing values for variables ......................................................... 50 Contents III Other information in the data file......"................................................ 51 Line 1: the plot title.............................................................. 51 Line 1: the preferred-option knobs.................................................. 51 Line 2: the user-identification label ................................................. 52 Line 6: data for Piper 2-D subtitles ................................................. 52 Line 9: header for input variables................................................... 52 Interactive input: knobs menus ....................................................... 52 Chapter 9. Output files .................................................................. 57 Plot-file formats................................................................... 57 Displaying metafiles: the post-processor................................................ 57 Displaying PostScript files........................................................... 57 Displaying HPGL files.............................................................. 58 Multiple plot files.................................................................. 58 Method used to generate plot-file names................................................ 58 The data-table file.................................................................. 58 Format of the data-table file ....................................................... 59 Displaying the data-table file ...................................................... 59 Naming the data-table file......................................................... 59 Chapter 10. Summary ................................................................... 61 References cited......................................................................... 62 Appendixes............................................................................. 63 A. Program codes for colors, symbol shapes, and slice patterns............................... 64 Color codes................................................................... 64 Symbol-shape codes............................................................ 64 Slice-pattern codes ............................................................. 64 Figures A-l. A-3. Program codes for: A-l. Symbols in the AGTK library symbol set................................. 65 A-2. Symbols in the expanded symbol set .................................... 66 A-3. Patterns in the AGTK library patterns set................................. 67 B. Auxiliary input files............................................................... 68 Structure of auxiliary files........................................................ 68 Plot-symbols file............................................................... 68 Pie-slice patterns file............................................................ 68 Axis-labels files................................................................ 68 X-Y variables file.............................................................. 70 Boxplot variables file ........................................................... 72 Figures B-l. B-6. Format of auxiliary files generated by the program: B-l. QWPLOT.SYMBOLS file showing an alternate order of symbol selection for both symbol sets .................................................... 69 B-2. QWPIE.PATTERNS file showing the method of indicating slice patterns, order of slices (LABEL), pattern code (IPAT) and color code (NPEN) used for each slice, and the complete list of color codes ..................... 69 B-3. BOXPLOT.LABELS file showing the requirements for axis labels on boxplot diagrams, the location of labels in the file, and the labels used for a set of six optional variables ................................................ 70 E-A. QWPLOT.LABELS file showing the requirements for axis labels on X-Y and Piper 3-D diagrams, the location and length of the three labels in each group, and the labels used for a set of six optional variables........................ 71 B-5. An X-Y variables file showing the requirements for the list of codes needed to produce an X-Y diagram and the location of these codes in the file............ 72 B-6. A boxplot variables file showing the requirements for the list of codes needed to produce a page of boxplot
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