the Social Mission of Waldorf Education `` independent privately-funded accessible to all Gary Lamb 2 The Social Mission of Waldorf Education Independent, Privately-Funded and Accessible to All by Gary Lamb 3 Printed with support from the Waldorf Curriculum Fund Published by: The Association of Waldorf Schools of North America 38 Main Street Chatham, NY 12037 Title: The Social Mission of Waldorf Education Independent, Privately-Funded and Accessible to All Author: Gary Lamb Editorr: David Mitchell Proofreader: Ann Erwin © AWSNA 2004, 2012 ISBN: 1-888365-60-9 Curriculum Series The Publications Committee of AWSNA is pleased to bring forward this publi cation as part of our Curriculum Series. The thoughts and ideas represented herein are solely those of the author and does not necessarily rep resent any im plied criteria set by AWSNA. It is our intention to stimulate as much writing and thinking as possible about Waldorf Education, including diverse views. Please contact us with feedback on this publication as well as requests for future work. David S. Mitchell For The Publications Committee AWSNA 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I The Threefold Social Organism and the Founding of the First Waldorf School Introduction . 9 Chapter 1 The Threefold Nature of Social Life. ............. 14 Chapter 2 The Founding of the First Waldorf School: Ideals, Challenges, and Compromises . 20 Chapter 3 Ownership, Finances, and Fundraising in the Early Years . ............................. 27 Chapter 4 The World School Association . 33 Chapter 5 Independence and Self-Administration . 39 Chapter 6 Private Funding: Why and How . 46 PART II U.S. Education Reform: 1981–2002 Chapter 7 A Nation at Risk . 51 Chapter 8 First National Education Summit and “America 2000” . ............................ 54 Chapter 9 The National Business Roundtable (BRT). ........ 57 Chapter 10 “Goals 2000: Educate America Act” . 64 Chapter 11 1996 Education Summit: CEOs Become Visible . ... 69 Chapter 12 1999 Education Summit: Parents and Teachers Arrive . 71 Chapter 13 2001 Education Summit: National Standards as the North Star . 76 Chapter 14 The 2002 “No Child Left Behind Act” . 78 Chapter 15 Concluding Thoughts on U.S. Education Reform . .. 80 5 PART III The Future of Waldorf Education Chapter 16 Broad-Based Funding for Independent Schools . .... 84 Chapter 17 How Can We Work Together? The Challenges of Individualism and the Need for Truthfulness . ...... 91 Chapter 18 Developing the Waldorf School Movement into a Potent Social Force . 97 Chapter 19 Paradoxes, Misconceptions, and False Statements about Waldorf Education. ..................... 102 Chapter 20 Concluding Thoughts . 109 Appendix A Rudolf Steiner as a World Humanitarian and Social Reformer . ............................ 115 Appendix B An Invitation to the Readers of This Book. ........ 119 Endnotes. ............................................ 120 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge and thank the following people and organizations for their help and support in making this book a reality. First of all, thanks to Emily Hassell Aguilar, Ame Kane-Barkely, and Jennie Neu-Duncan for transforming my handwritten notes into a typed manuscript. I was also fortunate to have a large number of colleagues who graciously read through numerous drafts and offered their editorial comments. These in- clude Candace Bachrach, Jean Brousseau, James Marshall Knight, Jan Kibler, Joel Kobran, Patrice Maynard, Ronald Milito, Robert Monsen, Sophia Christina Murphy, Carolyn Polikarpus, John Root, Sr., Mary Roscoe, and Sherry Wildfeuer. Thanks also goes to Judith Kiely and Judith Soleil at the Rudolf Steiner Library in Harlemville, New York, for helping me find the pertinent reference material. An finally it is important to acknowledge that this book could not have been written without financial support, and I was fortunate to have received assistance from numerous sources, including: Foundation for Rudolf Steiner Books, Inc., Joseph and Diane Haley, Hawthorne Valley School, Rudolf Steiner Foundation, Waldorf Schools Fund, AWSNA Publications and Waldorf Educational Foundation. May this book be worthy of everyone’s efforts and support. – Gary Lamb Ghent, NY October 2004 7 8 PART I THE THREEFOLD SOCIAL ORGANISM AND THE FOUNDING OF THE FIRST WALDORF SCHOOL Introduction Independent Waldorf schools require the good will and sup- port of a broad range of people in order to flourish. The intent of this book is to provide facts and insights that will be of help to such supporters of the Waldorf movement, including teachers, teachers-in-training, staff, parents and their families, board mem- bers, volunteers, and donors. Waldorf teaching methods and the spiritual-scientific worldview, Anthroposophy, developed by Rudolf Steiner will be presented here only so far as to enable the reader to gain insight into the movement’s history and social mission. A modern perspective of this mission will be given in the context of current United States educational reform efforts. The focus herein will be on the economic, political, and cultural challenges Waldorf education must address if it is to thrive in the twenty-first century. Those making initial inquiries about Waldorf education may also discover much in this book that can be helpful. No prior knowl- edge of Anthroposophy is needed for appreciating or understanding the main thoughts expressed here, only a mind open to ideas that are not yet fully a part of the mainstream. People from countries other than the United States may find this exposition useful since education reform in the United States is in the forefront of what is similarly taking place in every modern industrial nation, and Wal- dorf education is now a worldwide movement with over a thousand schools and initiatives in diverse cultures. 9 This exploration into the social mission of Waldorf education will provide unique insights into the exceptional figure of Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925), the founder of the Waldorf school movement. Steiner had an innate capacity to perceive the spiritual reality un- derlying the physical world. He set himself the task of researching the supersensible world in a manner that is as scientifically rigor- ous as the one used in natural scientific research. He employed the results of his research in practical fields for the benefit of humanity in response to many requests for assistance and direction. He took the position that since there is a spiritual reality permeating earthly life, it can only benefit humanity at this point in human evolution if this reality is investigated and the results of these investigations are put to practical use in an ethical and effective manner. The fruits of Steiner’s efforts have shown positive results not only in the education of so-called normal children but also in the education of children with special needs, as well as in the fields of natural sci- ence, medicine, agriculture, art, religious renewal, and architecture. Readers will gain insight into the tremendous effort it takes to implement spiritual ideals in practical endeavors in our present age of materialism. Institutions and organizational forms are a reflection of the worldview out of which they are conceived and developed. Because Waldorf education is rooted in a spiritual-scientific world- view, it employs teaching methods and administrative forms that are often quite different from what is usually found in government-run public education, which is based on materialism and the apparent need to support accelerated economic growth. There is another potential benefit from reading such a work for individuals who are studying Anthroposophy and threefold social ideas. It increases the possibility of developing social sensibilities that can be an aid in knowing what to do now in the twenty-first century and having the courage to follow through with what they know to be right. Simply repeating what Steiner said and imitating what he did decades ago serves no good purpose in relation to the 10 issues facing Waldorf schools today. However, to the person who dismisses as irrelevant the quest to understand what Steiner did and why, suggesting that a more important question is: “What would Rudolf Steiner do today?” one must reply: “The essential question is what you will do!” And there is no better way to prepare oneself for the mighty challenges that come with striving for an ideal than to start with knowing the truth about past and present events. De- veloping the courage and strength needed to accomplish great deeds begins with a willingness to face the unvarnished truth, however much discomfort one may experience in the process. The purpose of Waldorf education is to help young people begin the life-long task of self-education. It is not to teach Anthro- posophy. Anthroposophy can, however, provide a perpetual source of knowledge and a practical method of self-development. From the perspective of Anthroposophy, each person consists of body, soul, and spirit, and each child descends to earthly life out of the heavenly world with intentions and latent capacities that have been developed through experiences in the spiritual world and in previ- ous earthly lives. Not only as individuals but also as participants in the rising generation do they carry tasks into life related to personal destiny and the goals of human evolution. Indeed, each child and each generation are seen as bringing messages and impulses of social renewal from the spiritual world. Taking this perspective as a given, the key to individual and social