The World's Largest CO2 Storage Research Project with EOR IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO Monitoring & Storage Introduction: IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale About the IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 2 The Facts about the IEA GHG Weyburn- Project: Final Phase CO2 Monitoring & Storage Project Monitoring & Storage Project Midale CO2 Monitoring & Storage Project Building on the positive results received from the first phase, the objective of the Final The Project is Recognized and Endorsed By: • An 8-year, $80 million project on carbon storage funded by partners around Phase is to encourage the widespread use of technologies required to design, implement, IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring & Storage monitor and verify a significant number of CO geological storage projects throughout the the world 2 • The International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (ensuring world. Through both a technical component, led by the PTRC, and a public policy and • Investigates potential for storage of man-made CO2 in the enhanced oil recovery Project: First Phase technical excellence) community outreach component, managed by the Leading Sponsors, including Natural (EOR) process, from technical and regulatory perspectives • The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (ensuring sound policy and Resources Canada and the US Department of Energy-NETL, the second phase will • The world's largest, full-scale, in-field Measurement Monitoring and The first phase began in 2000 and ended in 2004. The purpose of the first phase was to regulation development) Verification study with EOR predict and verify the ability of an oil reservoir to securely and economically store and further carbon storage in Canada by: • First phase led by the Petroleum Technology Research Centre (PTRC), which contain CO2. The Source of CO currently leads the technical component of the final phase • Building a Best Practices Manual (BPM) as a practical, technical guide for design 2 and implementation for CO storage associated with EOR • Industry and government sponsors provide input and guidance through the The storage feasibility was investigated through a comprehensive analysis of the many 2 CO is captured from the Dakota Gasification Plant in Beulah, North Dakota and • Influencing the development of clear, workable regulations for CO storage, 2 leading sponsors executive committee (LSEC) and technical steering process factors that are involved in storage. The fields were monitored, and results were 2 transported at approximately 2200 psi to Weyburn-Midale through a 320 km pipeline. committee (TSC) modeled and extrapolated into the future in order to measure, monitor and track the CO2 building upon an existing, effective regulatory framework in the EOR environment and predict trends for the future. • Influencing the development of an effective public consultation process Enhanced Oil Recovery with Carbon Storage • Influencing the development of an effective business environment Oil to Market Summary of Key Findings from Extraction Well Final Phase: Technical Research Component 1) CO2 is injected, along with water, First Phase Managed by the PTRC deep underground (1,500 metres at Potential CO2 Pipeline Taps Injected Liquefied CO CO2 Pipeline 2 the Weyburn field) into a partially • Based on preliminary results, the natural Injected Water Geological Integrity (Site Selection) Oil Fields depleted oil field. The CO2 used at geological setting appears to be highly Water Steve Whittaker (CCEC), Ben Rostron (U of A) Cities Weyburn and Midale comes from the suitable for long-term CO2 geological Dakota Gasification Plant in Beulah, storage. Specifically the primary • develop firm protocols for site selection North Dakota. There, the gas is carbonate caprock and the secondary • minimum data set required for successful site selection and full RA captured after coal gasification shale strata serve as effective seals to • integrate hydrogeological, geophysical, geological data sets vis à vis seal integrity • impact of CO on geochemical and geomechanical processes and regional 1500 m (rather than vented to the prevent upward migration of CO2. 2 seals/geology 4,800 ft atmosphere), liquefied by • There is hydraulic separation between World's Largest Natural Laboratory for Environmental and Economic compression and pipelined 320 km aquifers lying above and below the oil Success Wellbore Integrity north to the oil fields. It is the first reservoir, strongly suggesting CO2 won't Chris Hawkes (U of S), Craig Gardiner (Chevron) man-made source of CO2 being used migrate to adjacent aquifers. A simplistic deterministic risk assessment (RA) of The Weyburn-Midale CO2 Project is operated in conjunction with two billion-dollar CO2 • essential parameters to define well-bore integrity for enhanced oil recovery. • Further technical research is required, the study region was conducted in the Phase 1 to commercial CO2 floods in Saskatchewan, Canada, where huge volumes of the gas are Mixes with particularly in risk assessment, well-bore • potential remediation strategies injected to revive oil production. These operations make PTRC's technical research predict the performance of long-term storage • impact of current well abandonment practices on long-term CO storage and Oil and Water 2) In an operating strategy that integrity, and geochemical modeling, to 2 project the world's largest, full-scale, in-field Measurement Monitoring and Verification 5000 years beyond the end of EOR operations. proposed future abandonment requirements alternates gas and water injection, improve the CO2 monitoring and The results of the RA work showed that a tiny study with EOR. • conduct cased-hole dynamic testing (pressures and mobile fluids that signal CO2 CO2 injection increases reservoir verification technologies developed in portion of the CO2 made its way to the surface pressure and oil fluidity, enabling oil the project. migration out of zone) (0.1%). Over 99% of the CO2 migration was • document safe practices and impact on wellbore integrity and geomechanics to escape from rock pores and flow confined within the 10 km X 10 km study region Phase 1 of the project has produced arguably the more readily toward production at or below the reservoir level, with 26.8% most complete, comprehensive, peer-reviewed Storage Monitoring Methods (Geophysics, Geochemistry) wells. migrating beyond the EOR operating area. data set in the world for CO2 geological storage in Don White (GSC), Jim Johnson (LLNL) association with EOR. • quantitative prediction of CO2 location and volume 3) Much of the injected CO2 is pumped to the surface together with oil and water, then separated and re-injected. At • are multi-year 4D seismic programs an appropriate monitoring and verification the end of the enhanced oil recovery period, virtually all injected and recycled CO2 is permanently stored. In the field, the 320 km pipeline was constructed requirement? with "tap points" for future delivery of CO2 to other oil fields. EnCana and Apache are • in-situ, time-lapse well logging to verify and quantify results from seismic and What's the significance of the IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 fully utilizing the current available supply. other monitoring approaches Storage Project? • continue to explore passive seismic monitoring • CO2 purity 95% (less than 2% H2S) ; trace mercaptans • verify predictions using spinner surveys, selective drilling, coring and logging of vertical slim holes: to determine CO distribution When it was launched, the project set international benchmarks for three reasons: • Apache began injection at Midale in September 2005, injecting 5-10 mmscfd; by 2 Q3 2006 injection was 25 mmscfd or 1350 tonnes/day to recover an additional Risk Assessment; Storage and Trapping Mechanisms, Remediation 1. It took advantage of existing carbon capture technology and studied the 45-60 million barrels over project life. Measures, Environment, Health and Safety feasibility of using man-made CO for EOR, reducing the natural resources 2 Rick Chalaturnyk (U of A) required for oil recovery • full-field risk assessment from Phase 1 completed 2. It was the first and largest in-field research project to assess whether man-made • risk levels for various operating scenarios CO - diverted from entering our atmosphere - could be geologically contained Weyburn Field Statistics 2 • ultimate fate of CO , relative volumes in each trapping mechanism, time lapse underground, long term, in depleted oil fields. 2 to trapping, and factors affecting these 3. It was the first major international collaborative project on CO geological storage • Field size: 70 square miles 2 • study natural analogues with respect to leakage and storage integrity in association with enhanced oil recovery. The project integrated government, • Original oil in place: 1.4 billion barrels • determine methods for stimulating/accelerating CO mineral fixation at industry and researchers, nationally and internationally, to collectively fund 2 • Oil recovery (pre-CO -EOR): 370 million barrels reservoir conditions 2 research and share results. • Projected CO2 Incremental Oil Recovery: 155 million barrels • 18,000 incremental barrels of oil per day (bopd) “The continued success of this Project will have incredible implications for reducing CO emissions throughout Final Phase: Policy Research Component 2 • 30,000 bopd total unit production the world." • More than 7 million tonnes of CO have been injected and stored to-date Public Communications and Outreach: Achieving Acceptance and 2 • Projected CO stored: 30+ million tonnes