TOURISM AND MOBILITIES Local–Global Connections This page intentionally left blank TOURISM AND MOBILITIES Local–Global Connections Edited by Peter M. Burns and Marina Novelli Centre for Tourism Policy Studies School of Service Management University of Brighton UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tourism and mobilities: local–global connections/Edited by Peter Burns & Marina Novelli. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-84593-404-0 (alk. paper) 1. Tourism. 2. Tourism--Social aspects. I. Burns, Peter (Peter M.) II. Novelli, Marina. G155.A1T5893488 2008 338.4’791--dc22 2007044669 ISBN: 978 1 84593 404 0 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge. Contents Contents Contributors vii Foreword xiv John Urry Acknowledgements xvi Introduction xvii Peter M. Burns and Marina Novelli 1. The End of Tourism, or Endings in Tourism? 1 Tim Gale 2. Of Time and Space and Other Things: Laws of Tourism and the Geographies of Contemporary Mobilities 15 C. Michael Hall 3. ‘Glocal’ Heterotopias: Neo-flâneur’s Transit Narratives 33 Wael Salah Fahmi 4. Telling Tales of Tourism: Mobility, Media and Citizenship in the 2004 EU Enlargement 65 Tim Coles 5. ‘Claim You Are From Canada, Eh’: Travelling Citizenship Within Global Space 81 David Timothy Duval v vi Contents 6. International Student Mobility: Cross-cultural Learning from International Internships 92 Jeroen van Wijk, Frank Go and Erik van ’t Klooster 7. Hypermobility in Backpacker Lifestyles: the Emergence of the Internet Café 109 Michael O’Regan 8. Entering the Global Margin: Setting the ‘Other’ Scene in Independent Travel 133 Rebecca Jane Bennett 9. Everyday Techno-social Devices in Everyday Travel Life: Digital Audio Devices in Solo Travelling Lifestyles 146 Peter M. Burns and Michael O’Regan 10. Environmental Discourses in the Aviation Industry: the Reproduction of Mobility 187 Paul Peeters and Stefan Gössling 11. Business Relations in the Design of Package Tours in a Changing Environment: the Case of Tourism from Germany to Jordan 204 Sabine Dörry Index 219 Contributors Contributors Editors Peter M. Burns is Professor of International Tourism and Development and founding Director of the Centre for Tourism Policy Studies (CENTOPS), University of Brighton. Prior to this, he was Head of the Department of Leisure, Hospitality and Tourism at the University of Luton (RAE grade 4). Peter has two streams of current research. First, the roles and responsibilities throughout the tourism value chain in climate change. The approach thus far has been to identify a series of policy and business paradoxes (cf. http://www.icis. unimaas.nl/eclat/Paris/papers/burns_bibbings_paper.pdf). The findings have prompted the first of a series of online surveys to further investigate attitudes and values among various stakeholder groups. The second stream, ‘A Secret History of Holidays’ (funded by the Commu- nity University Partnership Programme in cooperation with the Clinical Research Centre for Health Professions and Oxford Brookes University), uses private archive material and interviews to capture experiences and memories of the first generation of post-war tourists. Outputs include a short film, which was presented at the CENTOPS 2007 conference. Peter is the author of numerous papers on sustainable tourism and of the internationally acclaimed publication, An Introduction to Tourism and Anthro- pology, which has been translated into both Japanese and Portuguese. Dr Peter M. Burns Centre for Tourism Policy Studies School of Service Management University of Brighton Darley Road, Eastbourne East Sussex BN20 7UR UK vii viii Contributors (t) +44 (0)1273 643897 (f) +44 (0)1273 643619 (e) [email protected] Marina Novelli is a senior lecturer in tourism development and management at the Centre for Tourism Policy Studies, School of Service Management, Univer- sity of Brighton, UK. She is a geographer with a background in rural geography and an interest in development studies applied to tourism. Her most recent research is in the fields of niche tourism, rural tourism, consumptive tourism, responsible and community-based tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Europe. Dr Marina Novelli Centre for Tourism Policy Studies School of Service Management University of Brighton Darley Road, Eastbourne East Sussex BN20 7UR UK (t) +44 (0)1273 643300 (f) +44 (0)1273 643619 (e) [email protected] Authors Rebecca Jane Bennett researches the conceptualization of the backpacker within popular culture. Using documentaries, blogs, tourist guides and fiction, she investigates how theories of race, nation, class and global injustice are ‘man- aged’ by the backpackers. Rebecca Jane Bennett School of Media Communication and Culture Murdoch University Western Australia Australia (e) [email protected]; [email protected] Tim Coles is Senior Lecturer in Management in the School of Business and Economics at the University of Exeter, UK, where he is also Co-Director of the Centre for Tourism Studies. He was an invited guest editor of the International Journal of Tourism Research for its theme issue on Tourism and EU Enlargement in 2005. His research interests include tourism, mobility and transnationalism. Dr Tim Coles Centre for Tourism Studies Department of Management School of Business and Economics University of Exeter Contributors ix Streatham Court, Rennes Drive Exeter, Devon EX4 4PU UK (t) +44 (0)1392 264441 (f) +44 (0)1392 263242 (e) [email protected] Sabine Dörry is a research assistant and PhD candidate. Her research interests focus on the economic geography of globalization, spatial firm networks and regional economic development, as well as on tourism geography, on the geog- raphy of services and geographic real estate research. Sabine Dörry Department of Human Geography Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main Robert-Mayer-Str. 8, 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany (t) +49 (0)69 798 28482 (f) +49 (0)69 798 28173 (e) [email protected] David Timothy Duval is Senior Lecturer and Director of International Business at the School of Business, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. He has written on issues of transnationalism in the context of mobilities. His more recent research interests centre on aviation management. He has published on issues of aeropolitics, alliances, international air service agreements and aviation emis- sions management. Dr David Timothy Duval Department of Tourism School of Business, University of Otago 4th Floor, Commerce Building, Cnr Clyde & Union Streets PO Box 56, Dunedin New Zealand (t) +64 3 479 5398 (f) +64 3 479 9034 (e) [email protected] Wael Salah Fahmi was trained as an architect at Cairo University and received his PhD in Planning and Landscape from the University of Manchester, UK (1994). He currently teaches architecture and urban design as an Associate Pro- fessor of Urbanism at the Architecture Department, Helwan University in Cairo (since 1996). On the one hand, as a visiting academic at the University of Manchester he has been working collaboratively (with Keith Sutton at the School of Environment and Development) on Greater Cairo’s housing crisis (submitted to the journal Cities) and urban growth problems (published in Cities). His research focuses on rehabilitation and gentrification of historical Cairo districts for tourism develop- ment (journals Habitat International and International Development Planning x Contributors Review); and the impact on the surrounding urban poverty areas and population eviction within cemetery informal settlements (cities of the dead) (journal Arab World Geographer) and Zabaleen garbage collectors (journals Environment and Urbanization and Habitat International). Currently he is working on two research collaborations: Cairo’s late 19th-century and early 20th-century European archi- tectural heritage; and Greater Cairo’s suburban vacant dwellings. On the other hand, through his Urban Design Experimental Research Studio (UDERS) he explores deconstructive experimentation within urban space, postmodern spatiality and representation of city imaging employing narratives, digital photo imaging, video stills and architectural diagrams. Dr Wael Salah Fahmi Associate Professor of Urbanism Helwan University Cairo Egypt Principal – UDERS (Urban Design Experimental Research Studio) 34 Abdel Hamid Lotfi Street Mohandessein, Giza/Cairo Egypt 12311 (t) +2 02 33370485 (f) +2 02 33351630 (e) [email protected]; [email protected] Tim Gale is a Senior Lecturer in tourism geography, in the Faculty of the Built Environment at the University of the West of England, Bristol. His research inter- ests include the relationship between late 20th-century processes of economic restructuring and cultural change and the built environment of old water resorts, new forms of tourism production