Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan: Ten Year Review Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. September 2015. Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan Page TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ........................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2. SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ..................................................................... 19 AMPHIBIANS .......................................................................................................................................... 21 SPECIES AND ACTIONS FOR PRIORITIZATION ........................................................................................................ 21 STATUS AND PROTECTION OF SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ............................................................... 23 FOREST COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (FROM DRNA 2010). ............................................................... 32 PUERTO RICO GAP ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 38 REVISION OF THE NEW WILDLIFE LAW (LAW 241 OF 1999). ................................................................................. 45 DNER NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM .............................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER 4. IDENTIFYING STRESSOR/THREATS TO PUERTO RICO’S WILDLIFE ........................................ 48 DEVELOPMENT AND FOREST FRAGMENTATION ..................................................................................................... 49 WILDFIRES ................................................................................................................................................... 51 HURRICANES ................................................................................................................................................. 52 CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................................................................................................... 53 INVASIVE SPECIES ........................................................................................................................................... 61 PESTS AND DISEASES ...................................................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 5. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES FOR PRSWAP ........................................................................ 70 PUERTO RICO GAP ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 70 THE SPORTFISH GAP ANALYSIS PROJECT ............................................................................................................. 71 DEVELOPMENT OF A STRONG PRIVATE LANDS PROGRAM ...................................................................................... 72 STRENGTHENING OF THE EXISTING NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM.......................................................................... 77 IDENTIFICATION OF WATERFOWL FOCUS AREAS .................................................................................................. 78 IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL WILDLIFE AREAS ..................................................................................................... 82 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN .................................................................................................................... 90 IDENTIFYING AREAS OF HYDROLOGICAL IMPORTANCE ............................................................................................ 93 CONSERVING WORKING FOREST LANDSCAPES ...................................................................................................... 94 PROTECTING FORESTS AND WILDLIFE ................................................................................................................. 96 ENHANCING BENEFITS TO THE PUBLIC ASSOCIATED WITH FORESTS AND WILDLIFE. ....................................................... 99 MARINE MAMMALS RESCUE PROGRAM........................................................................................................... 101 CHAPTER 6. HABITATS OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ............................................................... 103 TERRESTRIAL HABITATS ................................................................................................................................. 103 General .............................................................................................................................................. 103 Caves .................................................................................................................................................. 103 Urban Forest ...................................................................................................................................... 104 FRESHWATER HABITATS ................................................................................................................................ 105 General .............................................................................................................................................. 105 Rivers and Streams ............................................................................................................................ 106 2 Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan Riparian forest ................................................................................................................................... 107 Reservoirs ........................................................................................................................................... 108 Artificial Freshwater Bodies ............................................................................................................... 109 Lagoons .............................................................................................................................................. 109 Mangrove forests ............................................................................................................................... 111 SALTWATER HABITATS .................................................................................................................................. 111 Coral Reefs ......................................................................................................................................... 111 INITIATIVES TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ..................................................................... 113 Natural Heritage Program ................................................................................................................. 113 Critical Wildlife Areas ......................................................................................................................... 115 Marine Protected Areas ..................................................................................................................... 131 Puerto Rico Model Forest (“Bosque Modelo”) ................................................................................... 132 Caribbean Landscape Conservation Cooperative ............................................................................... 133 OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 134 Wildlife Conservation Areas, forest types, land cover, geographic shape, locations and descriptions ........................................................................................................................................................... 134 CHAPTER 7. MONITORING AND ADAPTATION OF CONSERVATION ACTIONS ...................................... 142 WILDLIFE PERMITS ....................................................................................................................................... 142 GAME SPECIES ............................................................................................................................................ 143 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ......................................................................................................... 143 HABITAT CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION ...................................................................................................... 143 Technical Assistance for Wildlife Conservation in Puerto Rico ........................................................... 145 Safe Harbor Agreements .................................................................................................................... 145 Natural Heritage Program ................................................................................................................. 146 Para la Naturaleza
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