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DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS WOMEN'S RIGHTS & GENDER EQUALITY MAPPING OF NGOS WORKING FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN SELECTED EU MEMBER STATES STUDY Abstract This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the activities of new feminist organisations in the EU which emerged, physically and on-line, since 2010. It is based on case studies in seven EU countries as well as a literature review to provide historical context. PE 556.932 EN ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This research paper was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality and commissioned, overseen and published by the Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Policy departments provide independent expertise, both in-house and externally, to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU external and internal policies. To contact the Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] RESEARCH ADMINISTRATORS RESPONSIBLE Erika SCHULZE and Martina SCHONARD Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] AUTHORS Katie McCracken, Director, Opcit Research, London, United Kingdom Sergio Marquez, Researcher, Opcit Research, London, United Kingdom Sarah Priest, Researcher, Opcit Research, London, United Kingdom With the acknowledgement to the additional assistance of Louisa Acciari (France case study), Adriana Castagnoli (Italy case study), Agata Chelstowska (Poland case study) and Isabella Ventura (Portugal case study). LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Manuscript completed in April 2016, revised May 2016. © European Union, 2016 This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Mapping of NGOs working for women’s rights in selected Member States ____________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 LIST OF CHARTS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1. Aims of the study 11 1.1.1. Definition of feminist organisation 11 1.2. Methodology 11 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1. Brief historical context 12 2.2. A new feminism? 12 2.2.1. Technology 13 2.2.2. Issues 13 2.2.3. Funding 14 2.2.4. Link between older and newer feminism 14 3. MAIN FINDINGS FROM THE CASE STUDIES 15 3.1. Main characteristics 15 3.2. Specific issues and audience being addressed 16 3.3. Internal organisation and arrangements 17 3.4. Barriers and opportunities for feminist organisations 17 4. Findings from each CASE STUDy Country 19 4.1. Bulgaria 19 4.1.1. Introduction 19 4.1.2. Background 19 4.1.3. Aims and objectives 19 4.1.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 20 4.1.5. Funding arrangements 20 4.1.6. Structural arrangements 20 4.1.7. Staffing 20 4.1.8. Political affiliation 21 4.1.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 21 4.1.10. Opportunities for organisations 21 4.2. France 21 4.2.1. Introduction 21 3 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.2.2. Background 21 4.2.3. Aims and objectives 22 4.2.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 22 4.2.5. Funding arrangements 22 4.2.6. Structural arrangements 22 4.2.7. Staffing 23 4.2.8. Political affiliation 23 4.2.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 23 4.2.10. Opportunities for organisations 23 4.3. Italy 23 4.3.1. Introduction 23 4.3.2. Background 24 4.3.3. Aims and objectives 24 4.3.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 25 4.3.5. Funding arrangements 25 4.3.6. Structural arrangements 25 4.3.7. Staffing 25 4.3.8. Political affiliation 25 4.3.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 25 4.3.10. Opportunities for organisations 25 4.4. Poland 25 4.4.1. Introduction 25 4.4.2. Background 26 4.4.3. Aims and objectives 26 4.4.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 27 4.4.5. Funding arrangements 27 4.4.6. Structural arrangements 27 4.4.7. Staffing 27 4.4.8. Political affiliation 27 4.4.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 27 4.4.10. Opportunities for organisations 28 4.5. Portugal 28 4.5.1. Introduction 28 4.5.2. Background 28 4.5.3. Aims and objectives 29 4.5.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 29 4.5.5. Funding arrangements 29 4.5.6. Structural arrangements 29 4.5.7. Staffing 29 4 Mapping of NGOs working for women’s rights in selected Member States ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.5.8. Political affiliation 30 4.5.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 30 4.5.10. Opportunities for organisations 30 4.6. Sweden 30 4.6.1. Introduction 30 4.6.2. Background 31 4.6.3. Aims and objectives 31 4.6.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 31 4.6.5. Funding arrangements 31 4.6.6. Structural arrangements 32 4.6.7. Staffing 32 4.6.8. Political affiliation 32 4.6.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 32 4.6.10. Opportunities for organisations 32 4.7. The United Kingdom 32 4.7.1. Introduction 32 4.7.2. Background 33 4.7.3. Aims and objectives 33 4.7.4. Types of issues and population groups being addressed and supported by organisations 34 4.7.5. Funding arrangements 34 4.7.6. Structural arrangements 35 4.7.7. Staffing 35 4.7.8. Political affiliation 35 4.7.9. Barriers and challenges to organisations’ work 35 4.7.10. Opportunities for organisations 35 5. QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS: SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 37 5.1. Type of organisation 37 5.2. Social media 37 6. SUMMARY 39 REFERENCES 41 5 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AEE Agreement on the European Economic Area APC Associação projecto criar APD Associação Portuguesa pelos Direitos da Mulher na Gravidez e Parto BCWT Bulgarian Centre of Women in Technology BFN Belfast Feminist Network BUWC Balkan Union of Women in Crafts CEDAW The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEO Chief Executive Officer CNDF Collectif National pour les Droits des Femmes CWBB the Council of Women in Business in Bulgaria EC European Commission EU European Union FEMM Women's rights and gender equality FMG Female Genital Mutilation FOMADEZ Foundation for Mother and Child Health GEO Gender Equality Observatory LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender OLF Osez le Féminisme OSF The Open Society Foundation PHARE Poland and Hungary: Assistance for Restructuring their economies POPH Human Potential Operational Programme 6 Mapping of NGOs working for women’s rights in selected Member States ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ROKS The National Organization for Women’s Shelter SNOQ Se Non Ora Quando STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths UK The United Kingdom WEP Women’s Equality Party 7 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF CHARTS CHART 1 Percentage of organisations by type of registration 37 CHART 2 Number of organisations by number of Twitter Followers 38 CHART 3 Top 5 organisations by number of Followers on Twitter 38 8 Mapping of NGOs working for women’s rights in selected Member States ____________________________________________________________________________________________ We would like to acknowledge the additional assistance of Louisa Acciari (France case study), Adriana Castagnoli (Italy case study), Agata Chelstowska (Poland case study), Isabella Ventura (Portugal case