United States Department of State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs International Narcotics Control Strategy Report Volume I Drug and Chemical Control March 2012 INCSR 2012 Volume 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Volume I Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Legislative Basis for the INCSR ................................................................................................................ 2 Presidential Determination ........................................................................................................................ 6 Policy and Program Developments ........................................................................... 13 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Demand Reduction ................................................................................................................................. 19 Methodology for USG Estimates of Illegal Drug Production ................................................................... 22 Worldwide Illicit Drug Cultivation ............................................................................................................. 24 Worldwide Potential Illicit Drug Production ............................................................................................. 25 Parties to the 1988 UN Convention ........................................................................................................ 27 USG Assistance .......................................................................................................... 33 Department of State (INL) Budget ..................................................................... 34 International Training .............................................................................................................................. 39 International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEAs) ............................................................................... 40 Drug Enforcement Administration ........................................................................................................... 43 United States Coast Guard ..................................................................................................................... 51 U.S. Customs and Border Protection ...................................................................................................... 55 Chemical Controls....................................................................................................... 58 2011 Trends ............................................................................................................................................ 59 The Road Ahead ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Major Chemical Source Countries and Territories .................................................................................. 64 Significant Illicit Drug Manufacturing Countries ...................................................................................... 73 Major Exporters and Importers of Pseudoephedrine and Ephedrine (Section 722, CMEA) .................. 78 INCB Tables on Licit Requirements ........................................................................................................ 84 Country Reports .......................................................................................................... 90 Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................................. 91 Albania .................................................................................................................................................... 96 Algeria ..................................................................................................................................................... 99 Argentina ............................................................................................................................................... 102 Armenia ................................................................................................................................................. 106 Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................................. 109 The Bahamas ........................................................................................................................................ 112 Bangladesh ........................................................................................................................................... 117 Belize ..................................................................................................................................................... 119 Benin ..................................................................................................................................................... 123 Bolivia .................................................................................................................................................... 125 Bosnia and Herzegovina ....................................................................................................................... 130 Brazil ..................................................................................................................................................... 132 Bulgaria ................................................................................................................................................. 139 Burkina Faso ......................................................................................................................................... 142 Burma .................................................................................................................................................... 144 Cambodia .............................................................................................................................................. 149 Canada .................................................................................................................................................. 152 Cape Verde ........................................................................................................................................... 157 i INCSR 2012 Volume 1 Table of Contents Chad ...................................................................................................................................................... 161 Chile ...................................................................................................................................................... 163 China ..................................................................................................................................................... 166 Colombia ............................................................................................................................................... 170 Costa Rica ............................................................................................................................................. 179 Croatia ................................................................................................................................................... 183 Cuba ...................................................................................................................................................... 185 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ............................................................................................... 188 Dominican Republic .............................................................................................................................. 190 Dutch Caribbean ................................................................................................................................... 194 Eastern Caribbean ................................................................................................................................ 198 Ecuador ................................................................................................................................................. 206 Egypt ..................................................................................................................................................... 211 El Salvador ............................................................................................................................................ 213 Estonia .................................................................................................................................................. 217 Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................................. 219 French Caribbean ................................................................................................................................. 221 Georgia .................................................................................................................................................. 223 Germany...............................................................................................................................................