MASTER PLAN 2019 A Joint Master Planning Effort by the Communities of: Alpena County Green Township Ossineke Township Wilson Township DRAFT RELEASE: July, 2019 Alpena County Master Plan 2019 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1-1 Location and History ............................................................................................................................... 1-2 Chapter 2 Social & Economic Conditions .................................................................................................... 2-1 Population .............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 Seasonal Population ........................................................................................................................... 2-3 Age Distribution ................................................................................................................................. 2-3 Net Migration ..................................................................................................................................... 2-6 Race and Ethnic Composition ............................................................................................................. 2-6 Disability Status .................................................................................................................................. 2-7 Educational Attainment ..................................................................................................................... 2-8 Income and Poverty ................................................................................................................................ 2-9 Employment and Unemployment ........................................................................................................ 2-10 Size of Labor Force ........................................................................................................................... 2-11 Wage and Salary Employment ......................................................................................................... 2-12 Commuting to Work ............................................................................................................................. 2-14 Housing and Transportation Costs of Living ......................................................................................... 2-15 Housing Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 2-15 State Equalized Value (SEV) .................................................................................................................. 2-16 Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 2-19 Expenditures..................................................................................................................................... 2-23 Public Safety Cost per Resident ........................................................................................................ 2-27 Financial Stress ................................................................................................................................. 2-29 General Fund Operating Deficit ....................................................................................................... 2-31 Fund Balance as a Percent of General Fund Revenues .................................................................... 2-31 Percent Change in Taxable Value ..................................................................................................... 2-32 Available Reserves as a Percent of Total Expenditures .................................................................... 2-33 Chapter 3 Community Services and Facilities ........................................................................................... 3-36 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Community Services and Facilities .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Utilities .................................................................................................................................................. 3-36 Public Water & Wastewater Supplies ................................................................................................... 3-36 Solid Waste Disposal ............................................................................................................................. 3-40 Fiber Optic Network ............................................................................................................................. 3-40 Transportation ...................................................................................................................................... 3-41 Marine Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 3-48 1-1 Public Transit ........................................................................................................................................ 3-49 Educational System .............................................................................................................................. 3-50 Libraries & Museums ............................................................................................................................ 3-53 Media .................................................................................................................................................... 3-56 Medical Facilities .................................................................................................................................. 3-57 Public Safety ......................................................................................................................................... 3-57 County Facilities .................................................................................................................................... 3-59 Human Service Agencies Serving Alpena County ................................................................................. 3-62 United Way of Northeast Michigan ...................................................................................................... 3-64 Postal Service ........................................................................................................................................ 3-64 Recreation............................................................................................................................................. 3-64 Chapter 4 Natural Resources .................................................................................................................... 4-65 Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 4-65 Geology ................................................................................................................................................. 4-66 Topography ........................................................................................................................................... 4-75 Soils ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-76 Water Resources................................................................................................................................... 4-82 Groundwater .................................................................................................................................... 4-87 Fish & Wildlife ....................................................................................................................................... 4-89 Fishing .............................................................................................................................................. 4-90 Hunting ............................................................................................................................................. 4-91 Cormorant ........................................................................................................................................ 4-91 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................................... 4-92 Woodlands ....................................................................................................................................... 4-94 Major Forest Pests ........................................................................................................................... 4-95 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................ 4-97 Oil & Gas Wells ..................................................................................................................................... 4-99 Surface and Groundwater Discharge Permits .................................................................................... 4-100 Air Quality ..........................................................................................................................................