RADAR IN-FILL FOR GREATER WASH AREA Feasibility Study – Final Report CONTRACT NUMBER: ED02698 URN NUMBER: 07/1442 COWRIE INFILL-02-2007 Radar In-fill for Greater Wash Area Feasibility Study - Final Report David J Bannister 31 August 2007 This report has been commissioned by COWRIE Ltd © COWRIE Ltd, 2007 Published by COWRIE Ltd. This publication (excluding the logos) may be re-used free of charge in any format or medium. It may only be re-used accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as COWRIE Ltd copyright and use of it must give the title of the source publication. Where third party copyright material has been identified, further use of that material requires permission from the copyright holders concerned. ISBN: 978-0-9554279-6-1 Bannister, D.J.(2007) Radar In-fill for Greater Wash Area Feasibility Study. (QinetiQ Report No. ED02698) Commissioned by COWRIE Ltd. and BERR (INFILL-02-07). Copies available from: www.offshorewind.co.uk E-mail: [email protected] Contact details: QinetiQ Ltd. Malvern Technology Centre, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3PS United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1684 894000 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.qinetiq.com Greater Wash In-fill Radar Feasibility Study – Final Report Table of Contents Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. III LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ IV TABLE OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ V LIST OF FIGURES IN APPENDIX A ............................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ VI GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ VII ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ VII 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................8 2 IN-FILL RADAR STUDY OVERVIEW..........................................................................9 2.1 STUDY WORK PACKAGES .............................................................................................9 3 STUDY FINDINGS..................................................................................................10 3.1 WP1: INFORMATION COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS .............................................................. 10 3.1.1 Background.................................................................................................. 10 3.1.2 MOD guidance on operational specification of a candidate in-fill radar.................. 10 3.1.3 Greater Wash Round 2 wind farm developments and interference to radars ......... 11 3.2 WP2: IN-FILL RADAR STUDIES ................................................................................... 14 3.3 WP3: SITE SPECIFICATION AND SELECTION .................................................................... 14 3.4 WP4: IN-FILL RADAR SELECTION ................................................................................ 16 3.4.1 Selection criteria........................................................................................... 16 3.4.2 Request For Information ................................................................................ 17 3.4.3 SELEX Sistemi Integrati UK Ltd – details of response......................................... 18 3.4.4 Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems and Sensors – details of response ................. 22 3.4.5 Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services – details of response .. 22 3.4.6 Saab Microwave Systems – details of response................................................. 25 3.4.7 Thales Group – details of response.................................................................. 26 3.5 WP4: DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL IN -FILL RADAR SOLUTIONS ............................................... 26 3.5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 26 3.5.2 Analysis of alternatives.................................................................................. 26 3.6 WP5: NETWORK INTEGRATION ................................................................................... 27 3.7 WP6: IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ............................................................................ 28 3.8 WP7: OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME ................................................................................ 28 4 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................29 5 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................31 6 LIST OF DATA SOURCES........................................................................................32 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................33 APPENDIX A ...............................................................................................................34 Page iii of 41 Greater Wash In-fill Radar Feasibility Study – Final Report List of Figures Figure 1: Study work packages .........................................................................................9 Figure 2: Locations of Greater Wash Round 1 and 2 offshore wind farm sites at 27 February 2007. The Round 1 site at Cromer is understood not now to be developed for engineering reasons. Derived from Crown Estate mapping [3].............................................................. 11 Figure 3: Line-of-sight area coverage from RAF RRH Staxton Wold (blue overlay) and RAF RRH Neatishead (Trimingham) (pink overlay) at 150 m above mean sea level in normal propagation conditions. The polygonal areas shown offshore are wind farm sites. ................................... 13 Figure 4: Example overlaid line-of-sight coverage areas from RRH Staxton Wold, RRH Trimingham, and a potential in-fill radar at RAF Wainfleet. Coverage areas from Wainfleet (arrowed) are shown for altitudes of 150 m (yellow) and 610 m (light blue). Coverage areas (pink) are also shown from Staxton Wold and Trimingham at 150 m altitude. The polygonal patches offshore are wind farm sites................................................................................ 15 Figure 5: Example overlaid line-of-sight coverage areas from RRH Staxton Wold, RRH Neatishead (Trimingham), and a potential in-fill radar at RAF Donna Nook. Coverage areas from Donna Nook (arrowed) are shown for altitudes of 150 m (yellow) and 610 m (light blue). Coverage areas (pink) are also shown from Staxton Wold and Trimingham at 150 m altitude. The polygonal patches offshore are wind farm sites. .......................................................... 16 Figure 6: SELEX Watchman radar (image courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd). ................................... 18 Figure 7: Conventional antenna for SELEX ATCR-33S radar (image courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd).19 Figure 8: SELEX SI ATCR-33S radar with phased array antenna. (Upper antenna is for an associated secondary surveillance radar.). Image courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd.......................... 20 Figure 9: SELEX S-Band solid state transmitter for conventional and phased array antennas. (Images courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd).................................................................................. 20 Figure 10: SELEX ARGOS-45 C-band radar in road transportable configuration (image courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd). .......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 11: SELEX RAT-31 long-range air defence 3-D radar and associated SSR antenna (image courtesy of SELEX-SI Ltd). ............................................................................................. 21 Figure 12: Lockheed Martin TPS-77 3-D air defence radar. The smaller antenna on top of the main antenna is for a collocated SSR. .............................................................................. 22 Figure 13: Lockheed Martin SILENT SENTRY passive coherent location sensor (image courtesy of Lockheed Martin)........................................................................................................... 23 Figure 14: Principles of operation when exploiting scattered signals from FM broadcast transmitters. The Silent Sentry receiver compares the scattered radio waves to the direct signals to determine the location and velocity of the target (image courtesy of Lockheed Martin)......................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 15: Saab GIRAFFE AMB radar, in truck-mounted mobile configuration [6]................... 25 Page iv of 41 Greater Wash In-fill Radar Feasibility Study – Final Report Table of Tables Table 1: Responses from manufacturers and summary of solutions ..................................... 17 Table 2: Summary of Silent Sentry typical performance, derived from open literature product brochure [5]. ................................................................................................................ 24 Table 3: QinetiQ assessment of in-fill radar alternatives. .................................................... 27 List of Figures in