Volume 4 ATLANTIC CANADA PESTICIDE APPLICATOR TRAINING MANUAL SERIES Mosquito Biting Fly Training Manual Cooperatively developed by the Atlantic Working Group for Pest Management Education and Training Standards ATLANTIC CANADA PESTICIDE APPLICATOR TRAINING MANUAL SERIES Biting Fly This manual can be obtained from the following Provincial Agencies: Government of Government of Nova Government of New Government of Newfoundland & Labrador Scotia Brunswick Prince Edward Island Queens Printer Environment & Environment& Department of P.O. Box 8700 Labour Local Government Environment and St. John’s, NL A1B 4J6 P. O. Box 697 Fredericton, NB. Energy, Pesticide Halifax, Nova Scotia Regulatory Program B3J 2T8 Tel: 709-729-3649 Tel: 902-424-5300 Tel: 506 453 2098 Tel: 902- 836-8924 Biting Fly DISCLAIMER The information in this manual is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products implies no endorsement by the authors or the Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour. This manual provides information on the safe use of pesticides. It does not provide information and advice on how to comply with those provisions of the Environment Act and Pesticide Regulations that may apply to pesticide use and application. This manual is not intended to replace reading The Environment Act and Pesticide Regulations or seeking advice from a lawyer or environment, health and safety specialist. Examples given and interpretations placed on sections of various acts and regulations are not binding on the Crown or Queen. Due to legislative changes that occur over time, the Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour assumes no liability for the suggested use of pesticides contained herein. No pesticide can be used unless it is registered in Canada for the intended purpose under the Pest Control Products Act. At all times, pesticides must be applied according to the label directions on the pesticide container. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual was developed by the Atlantic Working Group for Pest Management Education and Training Standards. The Atlantic Working Group for Pest Management Education and Training Standards wishes to thank the following: • Ontario Pesticide Education Program for text and illustrations • Tamara Ball, for additional text development • Doald Burns and John Antworth for final editorial comments • Hollett and Associates for clear language editing, illustrations, and text design • Council of Atlantic Premiers for project coordination Biting Fly PREFACE The basic knowledge requirements for pesticide application education in Canada consist of information covering the following topics: General Information Environment Labelling Emergency Response Regulations Pest Management Human Health Application Technology Safety Public Relations The Applicator Core (available under separate cover) provides the basic information all applicators need to know about applying pesticides safely and effectively. There are ten category specific modules that provide further information for applying pesticides in specific areas. The applicator core, plus a specific module, will provide full information for applying pesticides within a given area. The ten specialized areas are: Aerial Greenhouse Agriculture Industrial Vegetation Aquatic Landscape Forestry Mosquito and Biting Fly Fumigation Structural This manual covers the information in the Landscape module. To obtain a license that will allow you to apply pesticides for landscape maintenance purposes, you must write a pesticide applicator exam. This exam consists of information found in the Applicator Core Training Manual as well as the Landscape Training Manual. The following manuals are currently available in Nova Scotia Volume 1 Applicator Core Training Manual Volume 2 Landscape Training Manual Volume 3 Agriculture Training Manual Volume 4 Biting Fly Training Manual Volume 5 National Aerial Pesticide Application Manual If you require other manuals please contact visit the Nova Scotia Environment and Labour Pesticide Program website at ww.gov.ns.ca/enla/pests/applicator.asp for additional information. Biting Fly ORGANIZATION OF MANUALS To complete the mosquito and biting fly exam; to obtain a Mosquito and Biting Fly Class Certificate/License in Atlantic Canada, it is advisable to have the following two training manuals: The Applicator Core Manual The Mosquito and Biting Fly Manual The Applicator Core Manual and the Mosquito and Biting Fly Manual have been divided into sections, each with learning objectives, text, exercises and review questions. The Mosquito and Biting Fly certificate/license authorizes the use by ground of insecticides for control of mosquito or black fly larvae or their adult stage. BITING FLY BITING FLY: TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: LEGISLATION......................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: LABEL ......................................................................................................5 Review Questions............................................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 3: HUMAN HEALTH ............................................................................... 22 Reduce Risk and Least Toxic Pesticides ........................................................................ 22 Organophosphates and Carbamates.............................................................................. 25 Botanical and Synthetic Botanical ................................................................................ 26 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon.............................................................................................. 26 Other Products ............................................................................................................... 26 Review Questions............................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 4: SAFETY ................................................................................................. 28 Applicator Risk................................................................................................................ 28 Pesticide Safety.............................................................................................................. 28 Water Safety................................................................................................................... 31 Reducing Bystander Exposure...................................................................................... 31 Review Questions............................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 5: PESTICIDES AND THE ENVIRONMENT........................................ 34 Environmental Impact ..................................................................................................... 34 Bacteria........................................................................................................................... 35 Insect Growth Regulators.............................................................................................. 35 Botanical and Synthetic Botanical ................................................................................ 35 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon.............................................................................................. 36 Organophosphates and Carbamates.............................................................................. 36 Review Questions............................................................................................................ 37 TABLE OF CONTENTS I BITING FLY CHAPTER 6: PEST MANAGEMENT........................................................................ 38 Integrated Pest Management........................................................................................... 39 A Note on West Nile Virusv ........................................................................................... 40 Mosquitoes: Biology, Collection and Identification ...................................................... 42 Introduction to the Mosquito......................................................................................... 42 Mosquito Lifecycle...................................................................................................... 43 Biology and Behaviour................................................................................................ 45 Monitoring Mosquito Populations................................................................................ 50 Monitoring Mosquito Larvae...................................................................................... 50 Larval Surveillance Equipment................................................................................... 51 Collecting Larvae......................................................................................................... 51 Identification of Mosquito Larvae ................................................................................ 53 Key to Mature Larvae (fourth instar) ......................................................................... 55 Monitoring Adult Mosquitoes....................................................................................... 57 Adult Surveillance Equipment...................................................................................... 57 New Jersey Light Traps..............................................................................................