Islamic Law with the Qur’Ĉn and Sunnah Evidences (From ٖanafţ Perspective) Dr. Recep Dogan FB PUBLISHING SAN CLEMENTE Copyright © 2013 by Dr. Recep Dogan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including photocopying, recording, and information storage and retrieval systems—except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews—without permission in writing from its publisher, FB Publishing. Published by: FB Publishing 645 Camino De Los Mares Suite 108-276 San Clemente, CA 92673 Visit our website at www.fbpublishinghouse.com Cover design: Cover Design: Gokmen Saban Karci Book Design: Daniel Middleton | www.scribefreelance.com ISBN: 978-0-9857512-4-1 First Edition, July 2013 Published in the United States of America CONTENTS PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... IX TRANSLITERATION TABLE ......................................................................................... xi FIQH ................................................................................................................................ 12 THE LITERAL MEANING OF FIQH ........................................................................... 12 M) ................................................................................... 14 THE LEGAL RULES (AٖK LEGAL CAPACITY (AHLIYAH) IN ISLAMIC LAW ..................................................... 15 M-I SHAR’IYYA) ............................................ 15 THE TYPES OF LEGAL RULES (AٖK AH) ........................... 19ٲIMAH AND RUKHڈINITIAL RULES AND EXEMPTIONS (‘A LEGAL OPINION REGARDING THE ISLAMIC RULES (IJTIH D) ............................ 19 20 .................................................................................................... (ٲ ANALOGY (QIY ABn ٌAN5FA AND HIS UNDERSTANDING OF FIQH ............................................. 22 WATERS AND PURIFICATION .................................................................................. 28 THE TYPES OF WATER FOR PURIFICATION .......................................................... 28 THE FIVE TYPES OF WATER .................................................................................... 29 THE RULINGS FOR THE TANNING OF ANIMAL SKINS (DIBAGHA) ..................... 36 THE RULINGS FOR WELLS ....................................................................................... 39 THE RULINGS FOR REMNANT WATER (OF HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS) .... 42 THE RITES OF ABLUTION (WUDU) ......................................................................... 46 AL WUDU) .................................... 46 وOBLIGATORY RITUALS OF ABLUTION (FAR SUNNAH RITES OF ABLUTION ................................................................................ 53 RECOMMENDED ACTS OF ABLUTION (MUSTAٖAB) .......................................... 67 DISLIKED ACTS OF ABLUTION (MAKRUHAAT) ..................................................... 68 U) .................................... 69وAL-WU وNULLIFICATIONS OF ABLUTION (NAWAQI FULL BODY (GHUSL) AND SAND (TAYAMMUM) ABLUTIONS ....................... 82 OBLIGATORY ACTS IN MAJOR ABLUTION (GHUSL) ............................................. 82 SUNNAH OF GHUSL ................................................................................................. 85 THE CONDITIONS THAT OBLIGATE GHUSL........................................................... 87 SAND ABLUTION (TAYAMMUM) ........................................................................... 93 PERFORMANCE OF TAYAMMUM .......................................................................... 96 TAYAMMUM) ........................ 104 وNULLIFICATIONS OF TAYAMMUM (NAWAQI WIPING FOOTGEAR AND BANDAGES ................................................................. 106 THE PERFORMANCE OF WIPING OVER FOOTGEAR AND BANDAGES ............ 107 NULLIFICATIONS FOR THE RULING OF WIPING OVER FOOTGEAR ................. 113 CLEANSING THE BODY AND SURROUNDINGS ................................................... 115 MENSTRUATION (ٖAYD) ...................................................................................... 115 iv | CONTENTS FORBIDDEN (ٖARAM) ACTIONS DURING MENSTRUATION AND POSTNATAL BLEEDING .................................................................................... 119 THE RULINGS OF POSTNATAL BLEEDING ........................................................... 124 A) .......................... 125و THE RULINGS OF CHRONIC VAGINAL BLEEDING (ISTIٖ THE RULINGS FOR EXCUSED ONES ..................................................................... 126 THE RULINGS FOR FILTH (NAJES-ANJ S) ............................................................ 128 TYPES OF FILTH AND THEIR RULINGS ................................................................. 133 THE RULING OF WIPING AND WASHING THE PRIVATE AREA (ISTINJA) ........ 135 THE ETIQUETTE OF ISTINJA .................................................................................. 139 TIMES OF PRAYERS (SALAH) AND THE CALL TO PRAYER (ADHAN) ........... 144 THE VIRTUE OF THE PRAYER ................................................................................ 144 THE SET TIMES FOR THE FIVE DAILY PRAYERS .................................................. 146 TIME OF THE MORNING PRAYER (FAJR) ............................................................ 146 UHR) .................................................................. 148ڈ) TIME OF THE NOON PRAYER TIME OF THE AFTERNOON PRAYER (‘ASR) ......................................................... 150 TIME OF THE EVENING PRAYER (MAGHRIB) ..................................................... 151 TIME OF THE NIGHT PRAYER/LATE EVENING PRAYER (‘ISHA) ........................ 152 RECOMMENDED PRAYER TIMES ......................................................................... 155 THE CALL TO PRAYER (ADHAN) ........................................................................... 170 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE ADHAN ..................................................... 173 RITES OF INDIVIDUAL PRAYERS (SALAH) ........................................................... 183 PRECONDITIONS FOR PRAYER ............................................................................. 183 PILLARS OF THE PRAYER ....................................................................................... 189 ٨ALAH) ........................ 194-T AS THE WAJIB ELEMENTS OF THE PRAYER (WAJIB SUNNAH ELEMENTS OF THE PRAYER ................................................................. 200 THE PRAYERS WHICH THE IMAM RECITES LOUDLY .......................................... 218 THE CONGREGATIONAL PRAYER ......................................................................... 222 THE MOST ENTITLED TO BE IMAM AND THE RELATED RULINGS ................... 224 THE POSITION OF THE ROWS IN THE PRAYER ................................................... 227 NULLIFICATIONS OF THE PRAYER ........................................................................ 228 ACTIONS THAT ARE DISLIKED IN THE PRAYER ................................................... 230 PLACING A BARRIER (SCREEN) ............................................................................. 237 OPTIONAL PRAYERS (NAW FIL) .......................................................................... 241 TARAWIH PRAYERS ................................................................................................ 244 SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSE PRAYER (SALAT-UL KUSUF) ................................. 246 THE DROUGHT PRAYER (ISTITHQA) .................................................................... 247 THE FEAR PRAYER .................................................................................................. 250 HOW TO PERFORM THE FEAR PRAYER ............................................................... 250 ISLAMIC LAW WITH THE QUR’ N AND SUNNAH EVIDENCES | v CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS AND THEIR RITES ............................................. 252 CONGREGATIONAL PRAYER ................................................................................. 252 MAKING UP PAST PRAYERS (QADA AL-FAW IT) .............................................. 253 THE PROSTRATIONS OF FORGETFULNESS (SAJDA SAHW)............................... 255 THE CASES THAT REQUIRE THE FORGETFULNESS PROSTRATIONS ................ 258 THE RECITAL PROSTRATION (SUJUD TILAWAH) ................................................ 260 THE PRAYER OF A SICK PERSON .......................................................................... 263 THE PRAYER OF THE TRAVELLER ......................................................................... 265 THE FRIDAY PRAYER .............................................................................................. 269 CONDITIONS THAT VALIDATE THE FRIDAY PRAYER ......................................... 271 THE ‘EID PRAYERS .................................................................................................. 274 RECOMMENDATIONS ON ‘EID AL-FITR .............................................................. 275 THE TIME OF THE ‘EID PRAYER ............................................................................ 276 HOW TO PERFORM THE ‘EID PRAYER ................................................................. 277 THE ‘EID AL-ADHA PRAYER ................................................................................... 278 THE FUNERAL ........................................................................................................