REPORT No. 51108–ZR December 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized Democratic Republic of Congo Strategic Framework for the Preparation of a Pygmy Development Program Fragile States, Conflict & Social Development Sustainable Development Department Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Acronyms and Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome CEI Independent Electoral Commission (Commission Electorale Independante) CAS Country Assistance Strategy CIOCS Inter-Ministerial Committee for Strategy Coordination and Supervision (Comile Interministeriel pour la Coordination et la Supervision de la Strategie) CP Policy Framework (Cadre de Politique) DCSRP Poverty Reduction Strategy Framework (Document Cadre de Strategique de Reduction de Pauvrete) DRC Democratic Republic of Congo FSRDC DRC Social Fund (Fonds Social de la Repub/ique Democratique du Congo) GEF Global Environment Facility ICCN Congolese Nature Conservation Institute (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature) IDA International Development Association ILO International Labor Organization INS National Statistical Institute (Institul National des Statistiques) IPDP Indigenous Peoples Development Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework NDPP National Development Program for the Pygmies NGO Non-Governmental Organization OCDH Congolese Human Rights Observatory (Observatoire Congolais des Droits de I 'Homme) O.P. Operational Policy OSAPY Organization for the Sedentarization, Literacy and Promotion of Pygmies (Organisation pour la Sedentarisation, l'Alphabhisation et la Promotion des Pygmees) PA Indigenous Peoples (Peuples Autochtones) PCN Project Concept Note PNDP National Development Program for the Pygmies (Programme National de Developpement des Pygmees) PNFoCo National Forestry and Conservation Program (Programme National Forets el Conservation) PNMLS National Multi-sectoral Project in the Fight against HIV/AIDS (Projet National Multi-Sectoriel de Lutte contre Ie VIHISIDA) Pro-Routes Rehabilitation and Maintenance Program for High Priority Roads (Programme de reouverture et d 'entrelien des routes hautement prioritaires) PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PUSPRES Emergency Economic and Social Recovery Support Project (Support projer d'urgence el de soulien au processus de reunification economique el sociale) RDC Republique Democratique du Congo STD Sexually Transmitted Disease TOR Terms of Reference TTL Task Team Leader UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children's Emergency Fund Vice President: Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili Country Director: Marie Francoise Marie-Nelly Sector Director: Inger Andersen Sector Manager: Ian Bannon Task Team Leader: Mohamed Arbi Ben-Achour Page 12 Foreword This study aims at identifying and analyzing the factors and causes behind the process of impoverishment of the Pygmies. It proposes an overall strategic framework for the preparation of a development program over a period of 15 years and beyond, if endorsed and adopted by the Government. The proposed strategic framework does not commit the World Bank to prepare and/or finance such a program. Rather, it is the responsibility of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo to explore with its development partners, including the World Bank, the scope and possibilities of preparing and financing a National Development Program for the Pygmies which would flow from a Government Pygmy development strategy along the general lines proposed in the present study. This study is intended to inform a policy dialogue with donors and other stakeholders, and to suggest the main elements that would need to be included in such a program. It is equally important to draw the attention of the reader to the fact that this report departs somewhat from more traditional analytical reports normally prepared by the World Bank. Indeed, it is a strategic framework with perhaps a light advocacy tone, since it is based on field work in Pygmy communities, and prepared with the active participation of Pygmy representatives and a large number of NGOs working with the Pygmies. It is seen by them as a unique opportunity to provide a voice to people without a voice. This, however, does not affect the relevance and validity of the information provided, the facts derived and the actions and recommendations proposed. Page [3 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Rationale for the Preparation of a strategic framework for a Pygmy Development program .................. 6 Results of the Field Work ......................................................................................................................... 6 The strategic Framework for a Pygmy development program ................................................................. 7 Implementation of the development program .......................................................................................... 8 A phased 15 year development program .................................................................................................. 8 Concluding Comments .............................................................................................................................. 9 1 In troduction ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3 Situation of the Indigenous Pygmy People in DRe ....................................................................... 11 3.1 Presence and history of the Pygmies in ORC .............................................................................. 11 3.2 Numbers and distribution ............................................................................................................ 12 3.3 Lifestyle ....................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Relations with NGOs and civil society ....................................................................................... 15 3.5 Factors leading to impoverishment and marginalization ............................................................. 16 4 Rationale for a Government Pygmy Development Program ....................................................... 16 4.1 Why protect Pygmy culture and identity? ................................................................................... 17 4.2 The International Movement for the Protection of Indigenous People ....................................... 18 4.3 Relation with the Bank's mission to reduce poverty and its safeguard policies ......................... 18 5 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 19 5.1 The number of Pygmies .............................................................................................................. 19 5.2 Distribution of the Pygmies (according to their lifestyle) ........................................................... 20 5.3 Pygmy acculturation and integration into Congolese society ..................................................... 21 5.4 Citizenship and registration ......................................................................................................... 23 5.5 Pygmies and institutions .............................................................................................................. 23 5.6 Living conditions ......................................................................................................................... 25 5.7 Income opportunities ................................................................................................................... 25 5.8 Health .......................................................................................................................................... 28 5.9 Education ..................................................................................................................................... 29 5.10 Access to justice and security ...................................................................................................... 30 5.11 Pygmy cultural heritage .............................................................................................................. 30 5.12 The relationship between Pygmies and Bantus ............................................................................... 31 6 Strategic Framework for a Development Program: Objectives and Priority Focal Points ...... 32 6.1 Objective for a development program for Pygmy communities ................................................ 32 6.2 Recommended approach to Pygmy lifestyle ............................................................................... 33 6.3 Priority focal points ..................................................................................................................... 33 7 Implementation of the Government Development Program ......................................................