GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN § 1. Introduction. .........................................................12 ALFRED C. LANE, STATE GEOLOGIST § 2. List of minerals. ....................................................12 Copper................................................................... 12 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN Galenite ................................................................. 13 LOWER PENINSULA Sphalerite............................................................... 13 1896-1900 Chalcopyrite........................................................... 13 Pyrite...................................................................... 13 VOL. VII Marcasite ............................................................... 13 PART II Quartz.................................................................... 13 GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON HURON COUNTY Chalcedony............................................................ 13 Chert...................................................................... 13 MICHIGAN Hematite ................................................................ 13 Limonite ................................................................. 13 BY Wad ....................................................................... 13 ALFRED C. LANE Calcite.................................................................... 14 ACCOMPANIED BY ELEVEN PLATES AND TWELVE Calcareous tufa ..................................................... 14 FIGURES INCLUDING TWO COLORED MAPS Dolomite................................................................. 14 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LAWS OF Spherosiderite ....................................................... 14 MICHIGAN Feldspars............................................................... 14 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Pyroxene................................................................ 14 THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Amphibole.............................................................. 14 LANSING Garnet.................................................................... 14 ROBERT SMITH PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS Epidote................................................................... 14 1900 Mica ....................................................................... 14 Entered, according to Act of Congress in the year 1900, by Staurolite................................................................ 14 GOVERNOR HAZEN S. PINGREE Chlorite .................................................................. 14 for the State of Michigan, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Kaolin..................................................................... 14 Washington. Gypsum ................................................................. 14 Coal ....................................................................... 15 Contents CHAPTER IX. BOTANICAL NOTES, BY C. A. DAVIS. 15 § 1. Geological, geographical, and practical relations CHAPTER VII. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, OR RAW of plants........................................................................15 MATERIALS OF THE COUNTY....................................... 2 § 2. List of plants. ........................................................17 § 1. Introduction............................................................ 2 CHAPTER X. THE FOSSILS. ........................................22 § 2. Soils....................................................................... 2 § 1. Introduction. .........................................................22 § 3. Sand. ..................................................................... 3 § 2. Recent shells by B. Walker and A. C. Lane. ........23 § 4. Sandstones and grindstones................................. 3 § 3. Fossils of the Marshall and Coldwater by W. F. (a) Grindstone quarries...........................................3 Cooper and A. C. Lane. ...............................................25 (b) The Babbitt sandstone quarry. ..........................4 § 4. Fossils of the Soule and Bayport limestones.......43 § 5. Shales and clays. .................................................. 4 (a) Soule and Oak Point, Michigan series............ 44 White Rock...............................................................4 (a) Warren's brickyard, Badaxe ...................................5 (b) (Bayport) Maxville limestone........................... 44 (b) Elkton brickyard .....................................................5 (c) Sebewaing .............................................................5 (d) Hayes.....................................................................6 List of Illustrations § 6. Road metal. ........................................................... 6 § 7. Limestone. ............................................................. 6 Plates (a) Bayport limestone quarries ....................................6 (b) Soule limestones....................................................8 Plate IX. Illustrating glaciated surface of limestone. A freshly uncovered surface, with parallel glacial grooves.. ............9 § 8. Coal. ...................................................................... 8 § 9. Ores, sulphides...................................................... 9 (a) of iron.....................................................................9 Tables (b) of zinc...................................................................10 Table IV. Tests of Sebewaing Coal. ........................................8 (c) of lead ..................................................................10 § 10. Salt. ................................................................... 11 Table V. Statistics of coal production. .....................................9 § 11. Gypsum, or plaster of Paris............................... 12 Table VI. Statistics of the salt wells.......................................11 § 12. Marl.................................................................... 12 List of plants...........................................................................17 CHAPTER VIII. NOTES ON MINERALS....................... 12 List of shells of the marls........................................................25 Volume VII, Part II -- Chapters 7-10 – Page 1 of 48 Table VII. Fossils of the (Maxville) Bayport limestone. ..........46 sand, the lasting fertility of the land is seriously injured by this carelessness. However, it sometimes happens that these swamps were once shallow ponds, like the CHAPTER VII. ECONOMIC cranberry bog back of Hat Point and on Charity Island, GEOLOGY, OR RAW MATERIALS OF and the swamps south of Badaxe and north of Ruth. In that case under the muck are likely to come beds of shell THE COUNTY. marl which are extremely fertile. Such marly drained lake bottoms make the most fertile of land, and a § 1. Introduction. number of ponds offer tempting opportunities for such drainage. Bear Lake near Port Austin has thus been There are many things classed as raw materials which drained quite recently, and the lake bottom is now said are not so. Pig iron is classed as raw material by the to yield two and a half tons of timothy per acre. user of it, but it is the finished product of the furnace Consequently on the map Plate VIII of the surface man. Wool is the raw material of woolen manufacturer, Geology I .might easily have indicated the swamps as but the product of the farmer. The only real raw more extensive if I included all that land which had had a materials are those to which man has contributed peaty black soil covering at one time. I have tried rather nothing of value by his labor. They are the natural to indicate the more characteristically swampy parts, resources of the country, and their value cannot be where it still exists and has considerable depth. On the separated from the value of the land which controls their other hand the map will soon be inaccurate the other production. We do not, however, intend in this chapter way as the peat is burnt off. to be rigidly academic in our classification, but intend to supplement Chapter V by trespassing somewhat on the The main soil of the county is clay, clay loam, or gravelly domain of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics and clay, and there are usually enough limestone pebbles giving some account of the principal industries that are scattered through it to keep it well supplied with lime and or may be developed in the county, in their immediate prevent souring. What Davis says about the greater geological bearings. As the great foundation industry is amount of lime in the, surf ace clay wells is significant. farming, it is fit that we should begin with some notes on At the same time there is enough mica and feldspar to the soils. keep it well supplied with potash, so that its fertility will probably be quite lasting. In the area enclosed within The map of the Surface Geology, which is given on Plate the outcrop of the Michigan series where the water is VIII, may also be taken, as is obvious from the sulphated, land plaster will not be necessary. The explanation, as in some degree a map of the soils also. fertilizer most needed would seem to be phosphates like guano. § 2. Soils. A word about the boulders and stones strewn over the It is impossible to make a soil map of a county which surface in belts very often roughly parallel to the shores shall be really accurate and, even then it would be so of the county. Outside the district of glacial deposits in only for a short time, without going into a detail the boulder benches proper these thickly scattered expensive beyond