Adapting to Climate Change: Guidance for protected area managers and planners area Adapting to Climate Change: Guidance for protected Adapting to Climate Change Guidance for protected area managers and planners Edited by John E. Gross, Stephen Woodley, Leigh A. Welling, and James E.M. Watson Advance Reader’s Copy INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Mauverney 28 1196, Gland, Switzerland Developing capacity for a protected planet Tel: +41 22 999 0000 Fax: +41 22 999 0002 www.iucn.org Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 24 John E. Gross is an ecologist with the US National Park Service for the past 13 years. The first 10 years John IUCN WCPA’s BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES was with the Inventory and Monitoring Program, where his work focused on landscape-scale issues, including IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area climate change. The past three years were with the Climate Change Response Program. Prior to the Park managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in Service, John was a Principal Scientist with CSIRO and Research Scientist at Colorado State University. John the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional has conducted research and worked with protected area managers in multiple countries since 1986. He has and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with led projects on a range of protected area management and climate adaptation issues. These include wildlife the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, non- dynamics, disease ecology, and ecosystem ecology. His work has been published in more than 60 peer- governmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and reviewed publications, and this is the fourth book on climate change adaptation to which John has contributed. especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Stephen Woodley is an ecologist, who has worked in the field of protected areas for 35 years. He has Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ worked as a consultant, a field biologist, manager of a national fire restoration program, and forest ecologist Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ before becoming the first Chief Scientist for Parks Canada in 1992. In that position he worked on a number of issues related to protected areas, including ecological monitoring, species at risk, wildlife disease, ecological restoration, and science policy. In July, 2011, Stephen began working as Senior Advisor to the Global Protected Areas Program of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and continues that work as Co-Chair of the Task Force on Biodiversity and Protected Areas, jointly established by the World Commission IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES on Protected Areas and the Species Survival Commission. IUCN defines a protected area as: Leigh A. Welling is the Regional Chief Scientist for the US National Park Service Alaska Region and Senior A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other Advisor to the service’s Office of International Affairs on climate change. She co-chairs the World Commission effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services on Protected Areas Climate Change Specialist Group. Leigh served as first Chief for Climate Change and cultural values. Response in the USNPS from 2010–2015, a servicewide program that provides research, technical expertise, training, information products, and project funds for parks to support decision making under a changing The definition is expanded by six management categories (one with a sub-division), summarized below. climate. She is an oceanographer and climate change scientist. Prior to joining the USNPS in 2002 Leigh Ia Strict nature reserve: Strictly protected for biodiversity and also possibly geological/ geomorphological features, held two research faculty positions. At the University of North Dakota she was Director of the Northern Great where human visitation, use and impacts are controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values Plains Regional Earth Science Applications Center, which leveraged remote sensing research, technologies, Ib Wilderness area: Usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, and data products to assist stakeholders in regional land management and economic policy issues. Her without permanent or significant human habitation, protected and managed to preserve their natural condition work at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas focused on techniques to enhance participation of women and II National park: Large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic minorities in science. species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities James E.M. Watson is an Associate Professor Fellow at University of Queensland and Director III Natural monument or feature: Areas set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, of Science and Research Initiative at the Wildlife Conservation Society. For the past six years, sea mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, or a living feature such as an ancient grove James has directed WCS’s climate change program, leading the planning and implementation of IV Habitat/species management area: Areas to protect particular species or habitats, where management reflects climate adaptation and REDD+ projects throughout WCS’s landscape, seascape, and species this priority. Many will need regular, active interventions to meet the needs of particular species or habitats, but this is conservation programs. James has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers on different not a requirement of the category aspects of conservation science. He currently serves on the leadership committee for the Science V Protected landscape or seascape: Where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced a distinct for Nature and People (SNAP) Initiative, the International Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this Services (IPBES) Data and Knowledge Task Force, and was chair of the IUCN’s climate change interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values specialist group. James was recently elected the global president of the Society for Conservation VI Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources: Areas which conserve ecosystems, together Biology. He is the director the Green Fire Science research group (www.greenfirescience.com), with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. Generally large, mainly whose mission is to do applied research that is linked directly to the practice of conservation. in a natural condition, with a proportion under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial natural resource use compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims The category should be based around the primary management objective(s), which should apply to at least three-quarters of the protected area – the 75 per cent rule. The management categories are applied with a typology of governance types – a description of who holds authority and responsibility for the protected area. IUCN defines four governance types. Governance by government: Federal or national ministry/agency in charge; sub-national ministry/agency in charge; government-delegated management (e.g. to NGO) Shared governance: Collaborative management (various degrees of influence); joint management (pluralist management board; transboundary management (various levels across international borders) Private governance: By individual owner; by non-profit organisations (NGOs, universities, cooperatives); by for-profit organsations (individuals or corporate) Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities: Indigenous peoples’ conserved areas and territories; community conserved areas – declared and run by local communities For more information on the IUCN definition, categories and governance type see the 2008 Guidelines for applying protected area management categories which can be downloaded at: www.iucn.org/pa_categories Adapting to Climate Change Guidance for protected area managers and planners Edited by John E. Gross, Stephen Woodley, Leigh A. Welling, and James E.M. Watson Advance reader’s copy • September 2016 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, NPS – United States National Park Service helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values