Kasanka National Park BATS BEYOND Forget Serengeti’s wildebeest herds. Africa’s biggest migration of mammals occurs once a year in a small forest in northern Zambia – and these wanderers have wings, not hooves. When Stephen Cunliffe visited the fabled bat roost of Kasanka, however, he discovered that& the bats were just the start of the action. 4 Travel Zambia & Sunrise at Kasanka sees up to eight million straw-coloured fruit bats return to their roost STEPHEN CUNLIFFE Travel Zambia 5 Kasanka National Park BAILEY D DAVI E FF LI e stumbled and E FF LI N CUN squelched deeper into E PH N CUN E the swamp beneath a E ST PH E brilliant star-studded sky. The ST sucking mud of the waterlogged Then, just as forest floor made every step an effort. This was my the first fingers first early morning foray into Kasanka’s legendary of dawn were mushitu swamp forest and, as I plodded forward, appearing, the I kept a watchful eye on the reassuring bobbing magic began: of my guide’s headlamp 20m ahead. Kenneth clouds of bats ‘Batman’ Changwe, with 15 years experience in the appeared in the park as scout and guide, was my trusty companion. sky and started to Soon we arrived at the base of a gigantic descend on us waterberry. “We go up there,” said Changwe, indicating a rickety-looking ladder that disappeared into the inky blackness. “Carefully!” he added. An exhilarating climb took us to a platform 20m above the forest floor: an ideal spot from which to greet sunrise. Then, just as the first fingers of dawn TOP: The Fibwe hide offers a perfect vantage were appearing, the magic began: clouds of bats point from which to scan appeared in the sky and started to descend on us. For Kasanka’s wetlands the next 45 minutes they rained down, squadron OPPOSITE TOP: Bat after squadron returning from a long night of gorging This extraordinary event, once Zambia’s best- numbers in the Mushitu on forest fruit, their enormous wingspans and sheer kept secret, recently reached a wider audience via swamp forest peak in numbers darkening the sky and obscuring the dawn. the BBC’s Life series with David Attenborough. But late November We watched in awed silence as the bat blizzard here in Kasanka it is nothing new: each year, from BELOW, OPPOSITE Ongoing research, raged around us, the winged hordes swarming over late October, colonies of straw-coloured fruit bats including the use of the forest in their millions as they searched for a safe begin to converge on ten hectares of swamp forest satellite telemetry, aims landing in the overcrowded roost. I’d heard about inside Kasanka National Park, having travelled to establish exactly how this – even seen the pictures – but at first hand the from the Congo Basin. Millions join in what is far the bats travel scale of it was overwhelming. one of Africa’s largest and most spectacular each year 6 Travel Zambia STEPHEN CUNLIFFE Travel Zambia 7 Kasanka National Park STEPHEN CUNLIFFE STEPHEN movements of animals – the numbers dwarfi ng supposedly one of Africa’s most shy and elusive even that of Serengeti’s wildebeest migration. species, yet Changwe made it sound as though they The whole astonishing spectacle is short-lived: were as common around here as impala in a ten-week blockbuster show. The bats continue the Luangwa. their relentless descent on the same remnant At the top of another set of crude ladders, I found patch of forest until their numbers swell to a mind- myself seated high in a mululu (red mahogany), boggling eight million around the third week in overlooking the Kapabi Swamp. This hide provided November. By early January, with the fruit supply a superb aerial vantage point for seeking out exhausted, the last stragglers abandon Kasanka, sitatungas – and sure enough, it wasn’t long before following their comrades back north in search of I had spied the distinctive nut-brown coat and richer feeding grounds. twisted horns of a handsome male moving though Back at Wasa Lodge, I discussed the morning’s the dense reeds below. Although we didn’t come adventures over a late breakfast with Frank Willems, close to Changwe’s record, I was delighted to notch the park ecologist. “Kasanka’s biggest up 11 of these elusive antelope. Indeed, they proved drawcard is the bats,” Frank agreed. “But so plentiful that I was even treated to an afternoon there is plenty on offer all year round.” sighting at Wasa Lagoon while sipping a cold beer He was sure that after a week exploring on the camp deck. Frank was not surprised when the park and sampling its activities I recounted my sightings later, confi rming that I’d know what he was talking about. Kasanka’s sitatungas were not only famous for I drained my orange juice. With their high density but also their great visibility. birding, guided walks, canoeing, fi shing “Basically, you’re guaranteed sightings here at any and, of course, more bats on my agenda, I time of year,” he assured me. was keen to get back into the action. At just 420km2, Kasanka National Park High on my priority list was is a tiny reserve by African standards. But TOP: The bats roost in close sitatunga, as I’d heard that Kasanka its location, bridging the gap between the proximity, cramming in wherever boasts Africa’s best viewing drier habitats of southern Africa and the they can fi nd a space LEFT: A female straw-coloured fruit opportunities for this shy, semi-aquatic moist Congo basin, makes for a wide bat may measure nearly 1m across antelope. Changwe backed this up. “Once range of habitats and ecosystems, the wings I counted 94 in a single day,” he told me as including mushitu rainforest, OPPOSITE: There is no better place we set out along the forest towards the famous rich papyrus swamp, riverine to observe the elusive sitatunga STEPHEN CUNLIFFE STEPHEN Fibwe hide. I was fl abbergasted. The sitatunga is fl oodplains and grassy dambos. BAILEY DAVID than from Kasanka’s Fibwe hide 8 Travel Zambia Sure enough, it wasn’t long before I had spied the distinctive nut-brown coat and twisted horns of a handsome male sitatunga moving though the dense reeds below Travel Zambia 9 Kasanka National Park And this, of course explains the impressive diversity of wildlife within such a small area. Take birds. On arrival I had found an entry in the Wasa guestbook from the birding legend Ian Sinclair that read, “Kasanka has undoubtedly some of Africa’s finest birding”. High praise indeed, from such a source. And Frank confirmed that a remarkable 440 bird species have been recorded here, which is astounding, considering the park’s size. A keen birder himself, he took me out through the park’s riverine forest in search of Pel’s fishing owls. And, though we missed the owl on this occasion, we did notch up such notable sightings as half-collared kingfisher and Ross’s turaco. Meanwhile our mammal count continued to rise. The next day, on a fishing trip from Luwombwa Camp, I was excited to see a herd of elephants – an increasingly common sight in Kasanka – feeding on the grassy floodplains. Puku and common duiker were ubiquitous, while our rarer sightings included CUNLIFFE STEPHEN Lichtenstein’s hartebeest, sable, southern reedbuck and even a troop of shy blue monkeys. The steady recent increase in prey numbers has also meant other exciting visitors. On morning bush walks we picked up the distinctive tracks of both spotted hyaena and leopard, prompting Frank to enthuse about a recent sighting of a leopard on a baboon kill. And perhaps the ultimate proof that the Trust’s conservation efforts are bearing fruit was last August’s arrival of a young male lion, the first to be seen in the park for many years. Its primordial roar resounding through the park told an indisputable truth: Kasanka’s predators are on the way back. Yes, Kasanka is too small to compete with the likes of South Luangwa and the Lower Zambezi in terms of animal densities and charismatic species. Yet it offers something special for nature enthusiasts who want more than the Big Five. There is so much to do here, with the varied habitat, cooler climate and low incidence of dangerous game making the park ideal for walking safaris, biking and birding. And for those who like to do their thing far from the tourist hordes, the low tourist volumes – just 1435 visitors in 2009 – are a real bonus. After a week roaming Kasanka I came to feel as though I’d been gifted my own private national park to explore. I had been lured here by the famous bats – and they were as spectacular as promised – but I left the place blown away by its ARMER F sheer richness and diversity. They say dynamite DMUND comes in small packages. Kasanka is no exception. E 10 Travel Zambia STEPHEN CUNLIFFE STEPHEN “Kasanka has undoubtedly some of Africa’s fi nest birding,” birding legend Ian Sinclair had written DAVID BAILEY TOP LEFT: Scan quiet backwaters carefully for a glimpse of the shy African fi nfoot TOP RIGHT: Greater bushbabies, like the bats, are drawn by night to fi gs and other fruiting trees LEFT: Elephants often venture out onto the grassy fl oodplains along the Luwombwa River ABOVE: Malachite kingfi shers fl ash like brilliant jewels along Kasanka’s waterways Travel Zambia 11 Kasanka National Park VISITOR INFORMATION HOW TO GET THERE: Charter fl ights from Profl ight and Sky Trails fl y directly into the park.