Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 3 Issue 2 Article 3 Effect of Canopy Cover of Capparis decidua Forsk. on Soil Conditions in Thal Desert Ghulam Yasin University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Faiz Rasool University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Muhammad Talha Bin Yousuf University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Muhammad Qaisar Nazir University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Yasin, G., Nawaz, M. F., Rasool, F., Yousuf, M. T., Nazir, M. Q., & Javed, A. (2016). Effect of Canopy Cover of Capparis decidua Forsk. on Soil Conditions in Thal Desert, Journal of Bioresource Management, 3 (2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.6102.0050 ISSN: 2309-3854 online This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Effect of Canopy Cover of Capparis decidua Forsk. on Soil Conditions in Thal Desert Authors Ghulam Yasin, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Faiz Rasool, Muhammad Talha Bin Yousuf, Muhammad Qaisar Nazir, and Atif Javed © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Journal of Bioresource Management does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. 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ON SOIL CONDITIONS IN THAL DESERT Ghulam Yasin*1 Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz1 Faiz Rasool1 Muhammad Talha BinYousuf1 Muhammad Qaisar Nazir1and Atif Javed2 1Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 2Institute of soil and environmental sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Desert shrubs have a deep root system which allows them to explore the soil minerals and moisture from deeper horizons of soil and strongly support the local dwellers’ livelihoods. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew, generally known as karir, a xerophytic, densely branched shrub, is widely found in arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan. The present study was conducted at four different sites in the Thal desert to determine the canopy effect of C. decidua on soil nutrients. Soil nutrients under the plant canopy (UC), at a distance of 150 cm away from the canopy (D150) and 300 cm away from the canopy area (D300) were determined. Data revealed that the soil nutrient status was higher in UC soils than the soils of (D150) and (D300). Levels of soil NPK in UC soil vs soils of D150 and D300 was: Nitrogen (N) = 0.49% vs 0.41% & 0.34%; Phosphorus (P) = 7.2 mg/L vs. 6.1 mg/L & 5.3 mg/L; Potassium (K) = 104 mg/L vs 91 mg/L & 83 mg/L. Similarly, soil organic matter (OM) = 1.25% vs 1.05% & 0.83%; sulphur (S) = 8.75 mg/L vs. 8.09 mg/L & 7.19 mg/L. Conversely, -- - -- carbonates (CO3 ), Bicarbonates (HCO3 ), and pH were lowest in UC soil, as values of CO3 - -- , HCO3 and pH in UC soil were < D150 < D300. The noted values of CO3 in UC soil (0.52 - meq/L) < D150 soils (0.67 meq/L) < D300 soils (0.94 meq/L); HCO3 in UC soil (42.80 meq/L) < D150 soils (45.85 meq/L) < D300 soils (53.10 meq L-1); pH- in UC soil (7.19) < D150 soils (7.26) < D300 soils (7.41) explained well this pattern. It was concluded that C. decidua improved the nutrient deprived sandy soils by enhancing the soil nutrient level. Keywords: Thal desert, Capparis decidua, Canopy cover, Soil nutrients, soil fertility, NPK. INTRODUCTION (Sultani et al., 1985). Range areas of Pakistan are providing 40-60% of the Rangelands are a variety of lands fodder requirements for different types of which support natural flora like shrubs, livestock. Because of the severe land grasses, and forbs, and provide habitats degradation and increase in drought, the both to local flora and fauna which have production of range areas in Pakistan has soaring worth for both recreation and scientific use. Rangelands cover almost dropped to 10-50% of their prospective 50% of the biosphere and provide around yield (Quraishi, 2005). 70% of feeding essentials of native Trees and shrubs of dry regions ruminants worldwide (Holechek et al., play a very important role in the 1998; Friedel et al., 2000). enrichment of nutrient poor sandy soil. The total area of Pakistan is about Their ethno-botanical services are of 79.6 million hectares, out of which 65.6% sustainable significance in view of (52.2 million hectares) is under improving the low nutrient status of the rangelands. Only 18.5 million hectares is sandy soil (Kellman, 1979; Belsky et al., cultivated and used for livestock browsing 1989; Bargali and Bargali, and grazing (Quraishi, 2005). For 2009). Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew sustaining the environmental solidity in the (Capparaceae), commonly known as Karir, country, range flora is of prime importance is a drought tolerant shrub found in arid 17 Yasin et al.,: Canopy cover and Soil Conditions in Thal Desert J. Bioresource Manage. (2016) 3(2):17-26. areas of Pakistan as compact bunches alluvial with a sandy texture (Muhammad, (Gupta, 2010). Along with numerous 1989; Quraishi et al., 2006). The main socioeconomic and environmental benefits vegetation of the Thal range area consists (Mahla et al., 2010), all parts of the plant of shrubs and grasses rather than trees. have been used in many medicines all over Common shrubs of this desert are the world. The spicy-tasting fruits serve as Capparis decidua (Karir), Acacia an astringent for bowels, a remedy for bad jacquemontii (Babble acacia), Calligonum breath and a possible cure for cardiac polygonoides (Phog), Capparis aphylla troubles (Sharma et al., 2011). The green (Karir), Haloxylon recurvum (Lana), young pods are used as anthelminthic and Prosopis cineraria (Jand), Solvadora laxatives, and are active in the treating of oleoides (Van), and Tamarix aphylla asthma, constipation, coughs, as well as (Farash), (Quraishi et al., 2006). hysteria and other mental disorders The study was conducted at various (Ghazanfar, 1994). In many parts of the range sites of the Thal rangeland, i.e Rakh world, the faded fruit is cooked (Agarwal Chobbara, Rakh Kherewala (Layyah), et al., 1988). Green berries are used in Rakh Dagarkotli (Bhakker). At each site, manufacturing pickles used as food in 10 large shrubs of Capparis decidua were some countries (Sharma et al., 2011). randomly selected and tagged. Soil The effects of individual trees and samples in the cardinal directions of each shrubs on such soil have been investigated selected shrub were collected with the help by many scientists in a wide variety of of soil augar. The first soil sample was ecosystems. A lot of research work has collected under the shrub canopy beside been done on the ethnobotanical characters the stem at a soil depth of 15 and 30 cm. of this species. However, little research The 2nd and 3rdsoil samples were collected work regarding the soil plant interaction of at a distance of 150 cm and 300 cm away C. decidua has been done so far. In view from the canopy of the selected shrub at of the above discussion, the present study the same soil depth and mixed together to was conducted to find out the role of C. form a composite sample for further decidua in soil enrichment by quantifying chemical analysis. The tagged samples differences in soil nutrient status under the were taken to the soil testing laboratory for plant canopy (UC), at 150 cm away from soil analysis using the standard protocol the canopy (D-150) and 300 cm away from outlined by Okalebo et al. (2002). Value of the canopy (D-300). various parameters like soil organic matter, moisture contents, Nitrogen (N), MATERIALS AND METHODS Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Electrical -- The Thal desert covers an area of conductivity (EC), Carbonates (CO3 ), - about 2.5 million hectares and comprises Bicarbonates (HCO3 ), Chlorides (Cl) and the districts Bhakker, Mianwali, Layyah, soil pH were assessed. The mean values of Muzzafargarh, Khoshab, Sargodha and these parameters under various soil Jhang. Annual precipitation of the area is regimes (as mentioned above) were between 150 to 200 mm at 31-33 o N compared for their statistical significance latitude and 71.07o E at an altitude of 200 using Fisher’s LSD test at a 5% probability meters. The area experiences cold winters level. The correlations between various and severe, hot summers with temperatures soil property values were determined using between 0oC to 44oC annually. Soil the Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. erosion is experienced in many parts of the Thal desert because of strong winds that RESULTS AND DISCUSSION blow frequently.