Sculptural Splendour ALL EXHIBITS ARE FOR SALE 15 Duke Street, St James’s London SW1Y 6DB Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 6550 Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 6556 Email: [email protected] www.haughton.com Foreword It is with great pleasure that we introduce you to our collection of porcelain entitled Sculptural Splendour. Many of the pieces have been chosen with the clear theme of the modeller’s art and his representation of natural imagery. It is a triumph of Nature’s zest that is captured and tooled by man’s imagination and enhanced to create both anthropomorphic and fantastical forms, redolent of an age of peace, prosperity, and plenty during the eighteenth century. These forms are in turn loaded with symbols of love and desire to be strewn across tables and pleasure domes of the wealthy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to startling effect. The rare Chelsea Indian Prince, (no. 1) in the catalogue symbolises the level of secret intrigue that Europe had for the Eastern way of life, showing a turbaned moor with all the trappings of the exotic vested in his silks and, carrying an arrow with which to subdue the strong and the wild, making him a symbol of love and profanity. This theme is extended with the inclusion of a number of rare moorish models including the Worcester Turks (no. 11) modelled by John Toulouse, which are earlier than most with their delightful pastel shades, and taken from Meissen originals after J.J. Kaendler. The rare Kloster-Veilsdorf figure of the Judge Cadileskier (no. 26), modelled by Pfranger senior, contemplates his judgement through the whiskers of his long beard, perhaps alluding to an equally darker intrigue. The Meissen figures that we have chosen, illustrate Johan Joachim Kaendler’s unparalleled art of sculpture and modelling at Meissen during the high point of production at the Royal Saxon Manufactory. The figures embody the strong and theatrical Baroque style, which had it roots in the seventeenth century, and whose power and stateliness we know through the Royal and ambassadorial portraiture of the day, and in this style Kaendler excelled. His figure of the Woodcutter (no. 6) shows both strength and vigour together with a keenness of interest in the people of the land; the Baker (no. 7) on the other hand, shows a much more internationally fashionable character from the ‘Cris de Paris’ series taken from engravings by Christoph Huet, combining elegance with a trifling sense of the dandy. His model of Paris (no. 43) provides a twist of this recurring renaissance theme of the famous judgement, and, instead of Juno, Athena and Aphrodite, the apple is handed perhaps to the viewer, who must combine the role of Kingship, military strength and love all in one, creating an ethereal allusion transcending the porcelain, which is certainly not for the fainthearted. Eighteenth century Europe found quite a different form of design to grow in tandem with the Age of Enlightenment, that of Chinoiserie. It was a fresh new innovative decorative approach based on figural and landscape scenes from the far East. A capricious, imaginary and whimsical interpretation of perceived life, inspired by both factual accounts and pure fantasy. Fuelled with designs from Antoine Watteau, Jean Pillement and Francois Boucher, a vision of Cathay was formed and reached its zenith during the rococo period. Chinese porcelain depicting sages and scholars within stylised landscapes, had been imported into Europe since the late Ming period, and the subject matter appealed to the European sense of harmonising man with nature. However, nowhere more so than in England did this style take such deep root within the abundant nature of the carefully crafted pleasure gardens, complete with tea houses, temples and pagodas, and all the mandarin details therein. The exceptionally rare early Derby figural group of ‘Hearing’ (no. 8) from the senses, modelled by Andrew Planche, represents the evocative harmony between caprice and learning in one of the most charming 2 Foreword of all decorative images emanating from the very earliest period of porcelain production in England. The keenness and stealth of these vivid orientals at their precipitous daily routines, is seen in all its candour on the Worcester teapots and teawares (nos. 54 to 62). However, it is on the Longton Hall Loving Cup, the only example currently recorded, that their harried expressions indicate a form of restless mirth, that characterises the purely English interpretation and vision of Cathay. During the 1740’s the rococo sophistication within the decorative arts gained momentum under the artistic guidance of the silversmith, Nicholas Sprimont, who in 1745 began the manufacture of porcelain at Chelsea. The assumption that elements of design and technical skill would be common to both silver and porcelain, was quite correct, and is illustrated by two of his earliest models The Child’s Head (no. 16) and The Goat and Bee Jug (no. 17). With the advent of the golden age of the English Gentleman and his country estate, came the production of natural themes at Chelsea, providing a plethora of every type of mouth watering conceit, including: birds, animals, vegetables, fruit and flowers. (No. 38) shows a delightful Sunflower Box and Cover and (no. 39), the small Melon Box and Cover, shows its veined lacelike skin carefully painted to seem in a state of rich honeyed ripeness. The Strawberry Leaf Sauceboat (no. 52) completes this glimpse of botanical plenty, its green handle cut like a grafted twig at the terminal, emphasising the close connection of the Hans Sloane’s Physic Garden with production at Chelsea. Of course it was from the Meissen manufactory that this European taste began in earnest during the late 1730’s and 1740’s, and is beautifully illustrated by the marvellous pair of Ornithological Tureens and Covers (no. 30), depicting familiar species of birds. The sense of naturalism is powerfully continued in the male and female Pug Dog (no. 36), showing a Kaendler commission with intense political and symbolic meaning. In 1738 Pope Clement XII issued a Papal Bull in which Freemasonry was banned on a number of grounds, and those that continued to practise would be ex-communicated. This led to the Order of Mopses, which was inaugurated in September 1738. The order pretended to be a new association, but was in fact an imitation of Freemasonry under a different name, which allowed the organisation to continue, albeit in great secrecy. The name Mopses was derived from the German word for Pug Dog, which characterised the mutual fidelity and attachment of the brethren, but also the alarm made for entrance into the secret meetings of the order was to imitate the barking of a dog. It is very significant that Kaendler has created both a male and female, as both men and women were admitted to all offices, except that of Grand Master, when the title of Grand Mistress was used. During such time each assumed overall authority for six months. It was with the discoveries of Herculaeneum and Pompeii in 1738 and 1748 respectively, that the resurgence of interest in the ancient Roman classical style was transformed into the restrained elegance of the Neoclassical form. ‘Many calamities have befallen the world’ said Geothe about the cities of Versuvius ‘ but few have conferred such pleasure on posterity’, which neatly captures the sense of influence in design to come. This interest in the classical period found a perfect medium in the sculpture of biscuit porcelain at Sèvres during the administration of Alexandre Brongniart, who was appointed director of the Sèvres porcelain manufactory in 1800. Soon after his start at Sèvres, Brongniart was asked to 3 Foreword provide new models and forms for table decoration though, due to the lack of time in developing a wide variety of new shapes, the eighteenth century sculptural forms continued to be used. Specific commissions at this time are extremely rare, although the Baron Dominique-Vivant Denon did place an order for a porcelain hand to be created from a cast of the hand of Pauline Bonaparte (Marie Paulette, the younger and favourite sister of Napoleon). However, after the restoration of the monarchy, the principal members of the Royal House of Bourbon, together with their ancestors, adorned the shelves at the warehouse once more in serried royal ranks alongside the new series of equestrian figures of the kings of France. (No. 32), the pair of Sèvres Biscuit Lions supporting gilt reticulated baskets or ‘Corbeille Lions’, represent both the highest calibre of modelling at Sèvres by Jean-Charles-Nicholas Brachard l’ainé, and the new design capabilities which, in this case, were conceived by Alexandre-Evariste Fragonard, both under the overall direction of Brongniart. These lions are one of the two earliest pairs to be manufactured dating from 1818-1823. Ceramic design and sculpture now leaps two hundred years to the twenty first century with the last piece in the catalogue (no. 70) the Scholar’s Rock, a contemporary glazed stoneware sculpture by Meng Zhao. Made in 2006, it is a representation of a natural ‘Scholar’s Rock’, an object revered as part of man’s evolution of thought and contemplation through thousands of years. Wise men, historians, and those in authority in the Far East, have collected naturally-occurring scholar’s rocks, which have been formed over millions of years by the elements, and have placed them on display within their homes as symbols of ancient contemplation. We look forward to welcoming you to our new and contemporary home at 15 Duke Street, St. James’s, London, to see these, and all the other items that we have chosen to include in Sculptural Splendour.